Introduction to Developmental, Social and Applied Psychology

Applied/ practitioner exercise psychologists

Advise the general public on the physical and psychological benefits of exercise

Which organisation is responsible for the statutory regulation of practitioner psychologists in the UK?

the health and care professions council

Which of the following is NOT common among children and/or adolescents?

Post traumatic stress disorder

Within which stage of Pilivan and colleagues model are perceivers likely to consider actions that will reduce their personal distress at the lowest cost to ourselves?

evaluating the consequences

What is being described here? The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.

the zone of proximal development

Schemas can get updated when a slow drip feed of new information replaces old information. This is termed:

bookkeeping

Which of these is common criticism of Piaget s work

His methods tended to underestimate children s true abilities

My friend is late. Which of the below would be an example of me making a dispositional attribution for their behaviour?

My friend was late because they are disorganised

Prevalence rate is defined as

The proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disorder

"Which of the following statements, concerning the visual system of babies, is NOT true?"

Babies visual acuity is adult-like at 3 months

Applied/ practitioner sport psychologists

Advise only athletes on participation in sport

Which scale did Ed Diener design to measure happiness?

The satisfaction with life scale

"According to Piaget, which of the following describes the process of assimilation?"

Fitting new information into existing schemes

Differences in test performance between age groups may result from practice. This is:

A problem that can be eliminated using a cross-sectional design

Which of these is a common criticism of Vygotsky s theory

It gave little account of the role of perception and cognition

Some social psychology researchers have claimed that people are cognitive misers in how they approach impression formation. What did they mean by this?

That people only have a limited processing capacity and so need to take cognitive short cuts to understand their world and behave appropriately in it.

Hedonia is defined as :

the pursuit of pleasure

Who would be most likely to talk about Psychological tools?

Vygotsky

How can we increase helping behaviour?

raise awareness of barrier to helping

An educational psychologist wants to encourage behaviour to occur as a result of intrinsic motivation. Which element of Behaviourist theory should they apply?

schedule of reinforcement

Identify the INCORRECT statement about comorbidity

Comorbidity is a mental disorder

Which of the below is an example of a criterion referenced form of assessment?

the ability to recognise individual letter sounds in the English Language

According to Locke (1968) and the goal setting theory of motivation which of the below goals should lead to higher performance in workers in a local sweet shop?

Sell £1000 worth of merchandise every hour

Which statement is NOT correct about risk factors for child mental health problems?

acute event usually lead to mental health problems

A psychologist studying relationships in infancy observes a number of children who seem particularly unsettled by unfamiliar people and are not readily comforted by the parents. Which of the following best describes these children?

Insecure-resistant children

Newborns whose mothers had read a story aloud twice a day during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy are most likely to show which of the following reactions in a preferential sucking task?

They would preferentially suck to hear the original story rather than a new one in the same language

A research team is planning a study to determine whether working memory capacity changes between ages 4 and 18 years. Which methodology would be most suitable?

A cross sectional design using a digit span task

What are the three levels of training needs analysis?

organisational, task, person

What is the systemic approach to working with a client s problems?

An approach that works with family as a stem, rather than individual clients

Depression can co-occur with other disorders (comorbidity). Which disorder is the LEAST likely for depression to be comorbid with?

Schizophrenia

An experimenter sits in front of a child and repeatedly lifts an upturned cup to show two coins underneath. The child quickly tires of this. The experimenter then lifts the cup and there is just one coin present.

"Infants look longer on seeing the coin, indicating that they understand object permanence.

"Consider the following: Person A, who has a mild learning disability, is being questioned by the police about a sexual assault that is alleged to have taken place 7 years ago. The police have held Person A for 3 days and, over that period, have questioned them for a total of 26 hours, at all times of the day and night. The police have refused Person A any representation within the interviews. Within the interviews, the police have suggested that they have evidence that Person A did commit the offence in question but have not provided details of that evidence to Person A. Person A has had very little sleep and has been refused any food and drink, other than two pieces of toast and one glass of water every 12 hours. When Person A was arrested, they were convinced that they had not committed the sexual assault but over time they start to doubt their memory of events and begin to think that the police must be right, especially as they say that they have evidence. Exhaused, after three days, Person A signs a confession. What is this an example of?"

A coerced internalised false confession

Which of the following research areas does Positive Psychology NOT focus on?

depression

Stimuli that share family resemblance are:

categories

"Burnstein, Crandall and Kitayama s (1994) research examined helping behaviour for relatives who were either healthy or ill and who were either in every day or life-or-death situations. What did they find? "

all options are correct

Which theory of the self fits this definition: The self emerges from and is shaped by social interactions ?

symbolic interactionism

The three elements of subjective well-being (SWB) are:

"Happiness, satisfaction with life and emotional stability

An abused child is raised in isolation from birth to age 18 by her mentally ill mother. The child has seriously impaired language abilities. Which of the following accounts is most appropriate here?

A social interactionist might argue that the language impairment arose because the mother did not consider her Childs level of language understanding

Select the answer that correctly fills in the blank: _______ ________view(s) mindfulness as one of eight integral parts of the Noble Eightfold Path

Buddhist Traditions

Behavioural changes seen in patients with temporal lobe damage suggest a key role of temporal lobe dysfunction in which aspect of schizophrenia?

Positive symptoms

Who is generally credited as being the founding father of applied psychology?

Munsterberg

Which of the following is the correct statement about eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa):

They are both characterised by distorted body image

Which of the following most accurately describes a difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's ideas?

"Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed children's monologues serve an important function

According to Festinger s research on social comparison the following will be a favourable comparison to make:

a downward comparison on a performance measure

Which one of the following is NOT a component of the 3 basic principles of evidence based practice in Applied Psychology?

practitioners preferences and values

Mayo (1927) carried out research in the Hawthorne factory into the impact that social relations have on productivity. What did the study find?

"Productivity went up consistently regardless of changes made

The Nun Study by Danner et al. (2001) found that those who expressed positive themes in their autobiographies experienced:

High subjective well being at advanced age.

How is acting as an expert witness in a court different from being a normal witness?

An expert witness is asked for their professional opinion on the issue under consideration

The larger the size of the group a person is in the less likely he is to come to a victim s assistance. This is called:

The bystander effect

Which of the following is the best example of altruistic behaviour

a man puts money in a blind beggar cup

Health psychology practitioners are expected to

"Communicate psychological knowledge, principles and practices and provide psychological services and resources"

Researchers are conducting an experiment comparing infants growing up in a bilingual household with adults who spoke just one of the two languages. What are they likely to find?

"At 12 months, the infants sensitivity to both languages was similar"

Sport and exercise psychology is the scientific study that focuses on:

"People s behaviours, mental processes and well-being in sport and exercise contexts "

An experimenter is testing children on their ability to express emotion. The experimenter finds that younger children do not express embarrassment. What would the experimenter likely predict about these children.

They probably cannot feel pride

Health Psychology research investigates:

Causes and processes underpinning health and illness in the general population

"If a child fails to understand that things can look different to other people, what would Piaget s theory most likely predict about the child?"

Thinks in a way that is limited to the tangible and real

"You are being forced to give a positive argument on cockroaches. According to studies on the correspondence bias, someone observing you will: "

Overestimate the degree to which you like cockroaches

What are overregularisation errors the clearest evidence of?

Development of grammatical rules

Researchers have compared how well infants and adults can detect different speech sounds. What does the research show?

Infants are sensitive to non-native phonemes from birth but this changes because of experience

What is the difference between a counselling psychologist and a therapist?

no diff, same thing

"What is the first step to becoming a Health Psychologist, after completing your BPS accredited BSc Psychology degree?"

stage one MSc health psychology qualification

"The neighbour s child seems to be an active, cheerful infant who loves to play peekaboo, and her visitors happily oblige. Which of the following best fits this description?

An evocative interaction between child s genes and the environment

"The drug, phencyclidine, causes behavioural changes in normal people which resemble positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. How has this been interpreted in terms of neurochemical changes underlying schizophrenia?"

decreased glutamate function is the core deficit in schizophrenia

Which of the below is the main criticism levelled at social learning theory in relation to its explanation of how children learn?

doesn't explain why children imitate only some models they see

Heider and Simmel (1944) found the following about participants observations of animated geometric shapes:

they used casual language to describe the movements

Which approach to the study of impression formation focuses on how people combine positive and negative information about people to form an overall impression.

cognitive algebra

How has the process of secularisation contributed to the development of today s complex sense of individual identity?

people were no longer thinking about waiting for the afterlife for fulfilment

"Consider the following: A qualified Clinical Psychologist wishes to evaluate a new intervention that they have been using with their patients to determine how effective it is. The patients were all adults and were informed that the intervention was new and that no evaluation of it has been undertaken. Only those that were happy to proceed on this basis took part in the intervention. Informed consent relating to their participation in the intervention was obtained. To evaluate the intervention, the Psychologist utilised patient health records and files which have been routinely collected to aid in the management of the patient s case. What is wrong with this situation?"

The Psychologist has used patient data for research without ethical approval or informed consent from the participants.

Which one of the below statements does NOT represent an element of the self-enhancing triad?

katy compares her driving with her friends to feel better about it

"There are six psychological components of subjective well being (SWB; Diener & Myers, 1995). Which one of the following is NOT a component?"

high positive regard

The disruption of latent inhibition by amphetamine has been used as a behavioural model to study schizophrenia. Which of these statements is not true of such experiments?

other drugs which disrupt latent inhibition help us discover novel treatment strategies for schizophrenia

" You have never met an actor before, but are seated next to one at a work event. They are extremely rude to you. You assume that all actors are extremely rude. In this example your thinking illustrates:"

shortcuts in social inference