Communication Disorders

Chapters 1-4

congential

present at birth

aquired

something that happens right after you learn communication

Organic

could be anatomical, psychological or neurological basis could also include emotional and behavioral activities

functional

conditions where there is difficulty in speech, voice or fluency without any physical or neurological cause

idiopathic

Unknown cause

Prevalence

portion of society that have the diseases could be percentage (given)

Incidence

rate of new cases in a time period (new)

First Person

This person has a disability

Identity first

a disable person

Best research evidence

what research says what's gonna happen

clinical expertise

asking for a second opinion from an expert

patient values

patients must be okay with it

Evidence based practice

best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values

steps in EBP cycle

ask, acquire, appraise, apply, and act

Ask

construct an answerable question derived from the patients delima

acquire

search for the best available research

appraise

look at what it is and what can you do

Apply

test it and make sure it applies to the patients values

Act

evaluate the performance and success of the change in practice

Pico

patient (product)

pIco

intervention

piCo

comparison

picO

outcomes

Encoding

sender

Decoding

receiver

Receive communication

auditory, visual, and tactile

Send communication

Verbal, graphic, and gestural

Prosody

being able to tell what's wrong with someone from their tone

Gestures

movement without using words

Body language

facial expressions, eye contact, posture

Tactile communication

sense of touch

proxemics

personal space

appearance

attitude or style

Nonverbal communication

Prosody, gesture, body language, tactile communication, proxemics, and appearance

Linguistic

study of structure and function of language

Spoken language

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

Phonology

sound

morphology

adding letters to a work to give it a different meaning

syntax

how we put the words together, grammar

semantic

definition of words

denotative

dictionary meaning

connotative

literal meaning

pragmatics

how language is used in society

language

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

speech

respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, and prosody

speech language pathologist

trained to identify, evaluate, treat, and prevent speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing disorders

Audiologist

trained to identify, evaluate, treat, and prevent hearing disorders; select and evaluate hearing aids; and habilitate or rehabilitate individuals with hearing impairments

inspiration/ inhalation

drawing air into the lungs or breathing in

expiration/ exhalation

breathing air out of the lungs or breathing out

pharynx

throat tube for air, food, and sound

oral and nasal cavities

oral is for speech and chewing

nasal is for breathing and smelling

trachea

moves air from throat to lungs

bronchi

delivers air from trachea to lungs

lungs

gas exchange so you breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide

ribs

12 sets of bones and they protect the lungs

diaphragm

primary muscle of inhalation

internal and external intercostal muscles

located between the ribs and help with raising and lowering the ribs during inhalation and exhalation

quiet inspiration

breathing in air during rest

quiet expiration

breathing out after quiet inspiration

Hyoid bone

supports tongue speech and swallowing

thyroid cartilage

protects vocal chords

cricoid cartilage

supports airway and voice

arytenoid cartilage

controls the vocal chords

epiglottis

airway lid, opens when we breath and closes when we swallow

Glottis

controls airflow for voice, breathing, and protection

abdcuted

vocal cords are open during inhaling

adducted

vocal cords are closed during exhaling

process of phonation

VF closes- exhale- pressure builds- VF opens- air escapes- VF closes- cycle repeats

Pitch

the psychological perception of frequency

Volume

psychological perception of intensity

Resonance

quality of the voice that results from vibration of sound in the vocal cords

laryngeal pharynx

above the vocal folds, where air and food meet before separating

Nasal pharynx

helps with breathing

Oral pharynx

air and food passage and helps withe speech

velopharyngeal

seperates oral cavity from nasal cavity

articulatory system

main purpose is eating but it also shapes sound energy into speech

mastication

chewing

deglutition

swallowing

What is in the centeral nervous system

brain, cerebellum, brain stem, and spainl chord

what is in the peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves and spinal cord nerves

afferent

sensory to the brain

efferent

motor, away from the brain

what is the left hemisphere of the brain in charge of?

language and speech

what is the right hemisphere of the brain in charge of?

cognition, attention, orientation, and emotions

what connects both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain?

corpus callosum

Whats the frontal lobe in charge of?

attention, problem solving, decision making, and it forms our personalities

what is the temporal lobe in charge of

its in charge of the auditory processing

what is the parietal lobe in charge of?

its in charge of senses and it receives it from the opposite side of the body

what is the occipital lobe in charge of?

visual processing