STUDY FOR HISTORY BENCHMARK!!

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62 Terms

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Assimilation

The Americanization of immigrants by educating them in speech, ideals, traditions, and ways of life

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Industrialization

A social and economic change from an agricultural society to a mechanized society

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Monopoly/Trust

A market/company that controls all goods and services, one seller

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Nativist

Belief that native born Americans are superior and the foreign born pose a threat to the US

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Robber Baron

An industrialist or businessman who dominated US industries, usually by practicing unfair tactics

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Urbanization

the social process where cities grow and population increases

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Anti-Trust Act

Law intended to break up monopolies and help small businesses compete in the free market

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Settlement House Movement

System intended to remedy poverty by providing social services to the poor. Led by Jane Addams

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Labor Union

an organization of workers formed to bargain with employers for better pay and working conditions

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Lassiez-Faire

Hands-off government

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Populists

Political party representing the common people organized in 1890 to secure political and economic reform

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Political Machines

An organized crime ring within a local government

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Temperance Movement

Protesters who wanted to limit the use of alcohol

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Muckracker

Investigative journalists who exposed problems in the Gilded Age through books, photographs, and political cartoons

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18th Amendment

Bans the manufacture and sale of alcohol. Prohibition.

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

An organization created to advocate for political and economic equality for African Americans

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Initiative & Referendum

The ability of the people to petition to create and vote to pass the law, without the involvement of elected government representatives.

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Progressive Movement

Made up of reformers who wanted to improve American life

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Philanthropist

person who helps others, especially by donating money to good causes

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Recall

To remove a city or state representative from office

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Strike

refusing to work as a form of protest

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Suffrage

the right or privilege of voting

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Lobbying

To regularly visit the office of a representative to try and influence their votes

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Dollar Diplomacy 1

WM. Howard Taft-A foreign, economic policy in which the U.S. invested in foreign markets (LA) to improve US business

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Acquisition

To gain or attain land or power. Usually attained through war or diplomacy.

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Imperialism

Expansion of the United States

• new markets;

• Acquisition of territories

• World Power

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Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt

• Rough Rider in Spanish American war

• American president

• Imperialist- Big Stick Diplomacy

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Spanish American war

Against the Spain.
Fought on two fronts
• Cuba
• Philippine Islands
• Consequence-territories of
(PPG) Puerto Rico, Philippine Islands and Guam

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Alfred Thayer Mahan

Imperialist who wanted to increase the size and power of the United States Navy Protection of the Seas Author-The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

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Yellow Journalism

A newspaper using sensational articles/stories that exaggerated events.

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USS Maine

It's explosion, thought to be caused by Spain, sparked the Spanish American war

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Panama Canal

Waterway constructed between North and South America Impact

- Economic cutting shipping time
-Military-the Great White Fleet could protect our shipping lanes (Protection of the seas)

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Big Stick Diplomacy

Teddy Roosevelt foreign policy for Latin America. This policy called for the use of force to protect LA.

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Moral Diplomacy

Foreign Policy (LA) Pres. Wilson.
The U.S. would assist countries that had the same beliefs as the U.S.

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Monroe Doctrine/ Roosevelt Corollary

Idea that America would intervene if European Nations tried to colonize or interfere with Latin American countries. T. Roosevelt added that America would use force if necessary.

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Dollar Diplomacy 2

• Foreign Policy
• Wm. H. Taft
• Financial Aid to countries in Latin America.

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Causes of American Entry to WWI

• Unrestricted Submarine warfare, sinking of the Lusitania
• Zimmerman Note

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Great Migration

Large numbers of African Americans move north to fill jobs in war related Industry

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Schenck v. U.S

Schenck was arrested for handing out flyers asking men not to enlist.
• Supreme Court ruling that in times of "clear and present danger" Individual rights could be denied.

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Selective Service Act

Law giving the government the ability to draft soldiers.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Peace Agreement ending
• WWI
• Based on Wilsons 14 pts
• Called for a League of Nations
• American Congressmen refused to sign

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League of Nations

•Called for an Alliance of Nations to prevent war.
• Congress/ Americans were against due to fear would draw the U.S. into war in Europe

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Credit

An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.

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Speculation

The process of selecting investments With high risk in order to make a lot of money.

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Buying on Margin

Purchasing stock with little money down with the promise of paying the money back in the future.

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Black Tuesday

October 29,1929; the date of the worst stock market crash in history. Marks the beginning of the Great Depression.

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Great Depression

An economic crisis, which started after the stock market crash in 1929. It was devastating to the United States and the world.

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Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Law enacted in 1930, established the highest protective tariff on imported goods. Deepened the Great Depression, Americans could not sell their goods at home or Europe.

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Dust Bowl

In the mid-west, drought and destructive farming methods ruined farming in the region.

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Herbert Hoover

Republican president in March of 1929. Promised the American public peace and prosperity. Attempted to deal with the depression by trying to restore public faith. Did not believe in the government helping the people.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Became President of the United States in 1933. He instituted the New Deal, which was government help to people back to work.

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Designed to encourage people to put their money back in the banks. It insured individual deposits up to $5,000.00. Thereby, decreasing bank failures and restored faith in banks.

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Glass-Stegall Act

Allowed banks to reopen and it gave the president (government) the power to regulate banking transactions to and foreign exchange.

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Federal Securities Act

Required corporations to complete information on all stock offering and made them liable for misrepresentations.

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Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)

Part of the "first" New Deal, subsidies (gov, money) paid farmers to decrease production in certain crops and increase prices.

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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Provided jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges, and parks, and set up flood control.

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Deficit Spending

When the government spends more money then it takes in and goes into debt.

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Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR's wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed Jim Crow. She also worked for birth control and rights for women.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

New Deal program that employed men and women to build hospitals, schools. parks, airports (public works). It also employed artists, writers, and musicians as well.

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Social Security Act (SSA)

FDR (1935) guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at 65. It also set up federal unemployment insurance.

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

The agency of the U.S. government that oversees the U.S. Financial markets and accounting standard setting agencies. (buying stock)

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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A relief, recovery and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens the jobs and land. (Eminent Domain) It brought cheap electric power, low cost housing and restoration of eroded soil. (Flood control)