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Assimilation
The Americanization of immigrants by educating them in speech, ideals, traditions, and ways of life
Industrialization
A social and economic change from an agricultural society to a mechanized society
Monopoly/Trust
A market/company that controls all goods and services, one seller
Nativist
Belief that native born Americans are superior and the foreign born pose a threat to the US
Robber Baron
An industrialist or businessman who dominated US industries, usually by practicing unfair tactics
Urbanization
the social process where cities grow and population increases
Anti-Trust Act
Law intended to break up monopolies and help small businesses compete in the free market
Settlement House Movement
System intended to remedy poverty by providing social services to the poor. Led by Jane Addams
Labor Union
an organization of workers formed to bargain with employers for better pay and working conditions
Lassiez-Faire
Hands-off government
Populists
Political party representing the common people organized in 1890 to secure political and economic reform
Political Machines
An organized crime ring within a local government
Temperance Movement
Protesters who wanted to limit the use of alcohol
Muckracker
Investigative journalists who exposed problems in the Gilded Age through books, photographs, and political cartoons
18th Amendment
Bans the manufacture and sale of alcohol. Prohibition.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
An organization created to advocate for political and economic equality for African Americans
Initiative & Referendum
The ability of the people to petition to create and vote to pass the law, without the involvement of elected government representatives.
Progressive Movement
Made up of reformers who wanted to improve American life
Philanthropist
person who helps others, especially by donating money to good causes
Recall
To remove a city or state representative from office
Strike
refusing to work as a form of protest
Suffrage
the right or privilege of voting
Lobbying
To regularly visit the office of a representative to try and influence their votes
Dollar Diplomacy 1
WM. Howard Taft-A foreign, economic policy in which the U.S. invested in foreign markets (LA) to improve US business
Acquisition
To gain or attain land or power. Usually attained through war or diplomacy.
Imperialism
Expansion of the United States
• new markets;
• Acquisition of territories
• World Power
Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt
• Rough Rider in Spanish American war
• American president
• Imperialist- Big Stick Diplomacy
Spanish American war
Against the Spain.
Fought on two fronts
• Cuba
• Philippine Islands
• Consequence-territories of
(PPG) Puerto Rico, Philippine Islands and Guam
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Imperialist who wanted to increase the size and power of the United States Navy Protection of the Seas Author-The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Yellow Journalism
A newspaper using sensational articles/stories that exaggerated events.
USS Maine
It's explosion, thought to be caused by Spain, sparked the Spanish American war
Panama Canal
Waterway constructed between North and South America Impact
- Economic cutting shipping time
-Military-the Great White Fleet could protect our shipping lanes (Protection of the seas)
Big Stick Diplomacy
Teddy Roosevelt foreign policy for Latin America. This policy called for the use of force to protect LA.
Moral Diplomacy
Foreign Policy (LA) Pres. Wilson.
The U.S. would assist countries that had the same beliefs as the U.S.
Monroe Doctrine/ Roosevelt Corollary
Idea that America would intervene if European Nations tried to colonize or interfere with Latin American countries. T. Roosevelt added that America would use force if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy 2
• Foreign Policy
• Wm. H. Taft
• Financial Aid to countries in Latin America.
Causes of American Entry to WWI
• Unrestricted Submarine warfare, sinking of the Lusitania
• Zimmerman Note
Great Migration
Large numbers of African Americans move north to fill jobs in war related Industry
Schenck v. U.S
Schenck was arrested for handing out flyers asking men not to enlist.
• Supreme Court ruling that in times of "clear and present danger" Individual rights could be denied.
Selective Service Act
Law giving the government the ability to draft soldiers.
Treaty of Versailles
• Peace Agreement ending
• WWI
• Based on Wilsons 14 pts
• Called for a League of Nations
• American Congressmen refused to sign
League of Nations
•Called for an Alliance of Nations to prevent war.
• Congress/ Americans were against due to fear would draw the U.S. into war in Europe
Credit
An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.
Speculation
The process of selecting investments With high risk in order to make a lot of money.
Buying on Margin
Purchasing stock with little money down with the promise of paying the money back in the future.
Black Tuesday
October 29,1929; the date of the worst stock market crash in history. Marks the beginning of the Great Depression.
Great Depression
An economic crisis, which started after the stock market crash in 1929. It was devastating to the United States and the world.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Law enacted in 1930, established the highest protective tariff on imported goods. Deepened the Great Depression, Americans could not sell their goods at home or Europe.
Dust Bowl
In the mid-west, drought and destructive farming methods ruined farming in the region.
Herbert Hoover
Republican president in March of 1929. Promised the American public peace and prosperity. Attempted to deal with the depression by trying to restore public faith. Did not believe in the government helping the people.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Became President of the United States in 1933. He instituted the New Deal, which was government help to people back to work.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Designed to encourage people to put their money back in the banks. It insured individual deposits up to $5,000.00. Thereby, decreasing bank failures and restored faith in banks.
Glass-Stegall Act
Allowed banks to reopen and it gave the president (government) the power to regulate banking transactions to and foreign exchange.
Federal Securities Act
Required corporations to complete information on all stock offering and made them liable for misrepresentations.
Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)
Part of the "first" New Deal, subsidies (gov, money) paid farmers to decrease production in certain crops and increase prices.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Provided jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges, and parks, and set up flood control.
Deficit Spending
When the government spends more money then it takes in and goes into debt.
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR's wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed Jim Crow. She also worked for birth control and rights for women.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
New Deal program that employed men and women to build hospitals, schools. parks, airports (public works). It also employed artists, writers, and musicians as well.
Social Security Act (SSA)
FDR (1935) guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at 65. It also set up federal unemployment insurance.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The agency of the U.S. government that oversees the U.S. Financial markets and accounting standard setting agencies. (buying stock)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
A relief, recovery and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens the jobs and land. (Eminent Domain) It brought cheap electric power, low cost housing and restoration of eroded soil. (Flood control)