Chapter 25 - D. Adrenal Glands

adrenal glands

• aka suprarenal glands because of their location on the superior part of the kidneys

  • __ = addition to

  • __ = kidneys

• surrounded by a capsule

• composed of an outer cortex and a central medulla

capsule

• each adrenal gland i surrounded by a ___

adrenal cortex

• glandular and can be divided histologically into three layers, each layer secreting a different hormone

zona glomerulosa

• the outermost layer

• cells are arranged in little columns

  • __ = belt

  • __ = little ball

zona fasciculata

• the middle layer

• has long cords and is the largest layer

  • __ = little bundle

zona reticularis

• the innermost layer

• has branching cords

  • __ = network

mineralocorticoids

• zona glomerulosa secretes ___, with aldosterone being the main hormone secreted

aldosterone

• the main hormone secreted from zona glomerulosa

glucocorticoids

• zona fasciculata secretes ___, with cortisol being the main hormone secreted

cortisol

• the main hormone secreted by zona fasciculata

DHEA

• dehydroepiandrosterone

• zona reticularis mainly secretes a small amount of the male androgen ___, which has weak hormonal effects

• converts into testosterone and estrogen

adrenal medulla

• a modified sympathetic ganglion

• contains chromaffin cells

chromaffin cells

• adrenal medulla contains ___

• are derived from the same tissue as sympathetic ganglia

epinephrine

• when stimulated by preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, chromaffin cells secrete ___

norepinephrine (NE)

• when stimulated by preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, chromaffin cells secrete ___