Medical Terminology - Diseases of the Integumentary System

Differentiate between primary lesion and secondary lesion.

Primary lesions occur as a result of disease or trauma. Secondary lesions evolved from their primary forms.

nodule

a papable solid lesion

cyst

a nodule that is filled with a semisolid material

tumor

a nodule that is larger than 2 cm

hematoma

tumor filled with blood

petachia

a small bruise

ecchymosis

a bruise

purpura

massive hemorrhage under the skin

macule

a flat, nonpalpable blemish that is less than 1 cm (ex: freckles)

patch

a large, flat nonpalpable macule that is larger than 1 cm

papule

a raised, solid skin lesion that is less than 1 cm

plaque

a raised, papule larger than 1 cm

wheal

an elevated papule that is caused by localized edema

vesicles

elevated lesions that is filled with fluid and smaller than ½ cm (If they are larger than ½ cm, they are called bullae.)

pustule

a raised lesion that is filled with pus due to an infection

telangiectasia

spider veins

atrophy

thin, wasted skin

keloid

fibrosis (overgrowth of tissue)

eschar

dried blood or pus that can occur at the site of an injury or burn

ulcer

a circumscribed lesion of the skin (can occur on the inside & outside)

atopic dermatitus

constant inflammation of the skin

cellulitis

inflammation within solid tissues

contact dermatitis

inflammation of the skin that occurs from contact

eczema

inflammation of the skin as a result of an allergic reaction

folliculitis

inflammation of the hair follicles

furuncle

localized staph infection that starts in a gland or hair follicle; if two or more furuncles connect, they are called carbuncles

impetigo

a vesiculopustular skin infection that occurs in children; is highly contagious

pilonidal cyst

grows next to hair

pruritus

itching

candidiasis

yeast infection

dermatomycoses

fungal infections of the skin

tinea capitis

fungal infection of the head

tinea corporis

fungal infection of the body

tinea cruris

fungal infection of the groin (also called jock itch)

tinea pedis

fungal infection of the foot (also called athlete’s foot)

pediculosis

infestation with lice

scabies

infestation with mites

exanthematous diseases

diseases characterized by a rash (exanthem)

alopecia

hair loss

hypertrichosis

excessive hairness

keratinous cyst

beign cavity filled with epithelium that has hardened

psoriasis

chronic skin disorder characterized by red patches

callus

a thickening of the stratum corneum where there are areas of pressure

corn

(also called a ciavus) a mass of epithelial tissue over a bony structure

ichthyosis

extremely dry skin; xeroderma is the milder form

albinism

lack of pigmentation

dyschromia

abnormal condition of pigmentation of the skin; Hyperchromia means more than normal pigmentation. Hypochromia means less than normal pigmentation.

vitiligo

pataches of skin that lack pigment

anhidrosis

abnormal condition of no sweating

hidradenitis

inflammation of sweat glands

hyperhidrosis

abnormal condition of excessive sweating

miliaria

a condition of blocked sweat ducts

onychia

inflammation of the nail (also called onychitis)

onychocryptosis

abnormal condition of an ingrown nail

onycholysis

separation of the nail plate from the nail bed

onychomalacia

softening of the nail

first/superficial degree burn

damages the epidermis only

second degree burn

damages the epidermis and dermis

third/full thickness degree burn

damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

angioma

tumor of a vessel; Hemangioma is a tumor of a blood vessel.

dermatofibroma

fibrous tumor of the skin

lipoma

a fatty tumor

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

most common form of skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

second most common form of skin cancer

malignant melanoma

arises from mutated melanocytes; leading cause of death from skin cancer

kaposi sarcoma (KS)

rare form of skin cancer that occurs in patients with deficient immune systems

What diseases are common in young children? Older adults?

Acne, pediculosis, and burns are common in young children. Corns, calluses, eczema, and fungal infections are common in older adults.