TCW LESSON 1

Realism

A perspective in international relations focusing on the distribution of power among states and the role of power in global interactions.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, impacting economic, political, and cultural dimensions.

Core Idea of Realism

The idea of dominating the world through the employment of power.

Financial Returns

Economic opportunities for countries when they open their markets, exemplified by corporations like McDonald's and Ford.

Political Power

The authority or influence a nation possesses, often a key factor in interdependence among countries.

Military Strength

The capability of a country to use armed forces to influence or control events, integral to the realist perspective.

Economic Alliance

Cooperation between countries to enhance economic activities under favorable security conditions.

Political-Military Alliances

Collaborations between states that integrate economic power to enhance military capability.

Liberalism

A perspective in international relations that emphasizes relationships, negotiations, and cooperation among states.

Conflict Resolution

The process of resolving disputes and disagreements through dialogue and negotiation.

Spread of Democracy

The promotion of democratic governance as a means to enhance civil engagement and balance stakeholder interests.

Global Economic Ties

The connections formed between national economies, promoting prosperity and security through integration.

International Organizations

Formal entities established by states to maintain peace and facilitate cooperation, such as OPEC and NATO.

Idealism

A theory that emphasizes the role of ideas and ideologies in shaping international relations and global order.

Role of Ideas

The impact of cultural perceptions, values, and beliefs on global politics and economics.

Technological Trends

Changes in technology that significantly affect interactions between nations and enhance economic opportunities.

Knowledge and Technology

Key determinants of national wealth and power in the context of globalization.

Fourth Industrial Evolution

The current stage of technological advancement characterized by multiple innovations affecting global communities.

Innovation

The process of creating new ideas or products, driven by technological advancements and knowledge sharing.

Dispersed Knowledge

The widespread availability and transfer of information across national borders, enhancing global interactions.

Institutions

Structures that provide stability and meaning to social behavior through norms, activities, and regulations.

Meyer and Rowan (1977)

Scholars who describe institutions as symbolic manifestations of societal needs.

Giddens (1979)

A scholar stating that institutions shape individual behavior and define norms of conduct.

Global Governance

The management of global affairs through political and economic institutions.

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

Formal international organizations created by states to regulate communication and resource flows.

Homogeneity

Increasing similarity among cultures and economies globally, often leading to cultural imperialism.

Cultural Imperialism

The influence of one culture over another, often seen in the dissemination of Western culture.

Heterogeneity

Diversity in cultural practices and political structures that arise from interaction between different societies.

Bollywood vs Hollywood

A comparison highlighting the unique cultural identities and practices in film industries of India and America.

Kpop vs American Pop

The phenomenon of Korean pop music gaining international popularity, contrasting with American pop music.

Interdependence

A situation in which countries rely on each other for resources, trade, and economic stability.

Power Dynamics

The distribution and exercise of power among states affecting their interactions.

Market Expansion

The process by which companies and nations open their economies to increase trading opportunities.

Collective Values

Shared beliefs and principles that shape societal norms and politics on a global scale.

Multistate Interests

Economic and political objectives that transcend national borders, requiring cooperative approaches.

Economic Bloc

A group of countries that promote trade and economic integration among themselves.

Peace and Solidarity

Key outcomes aimed for by international organizations to maintain stability among nations.

Social Innovation

New strategies and ideas aiming to meet social needs and enhance societal well-being.

Transnational Community

A community that spans national borders, influenced by globalization and shared interests.

Cultural Practices

Traditional behaviors and customs that are maintained or adapted through global interaction.

Local Identity Preservation

The process of maintaining local cultural practices and values despite globalization.

Economic Opportunities

New avenues for growth and profit that arise from global market integration.

Resource-poor Countries

Nations with limited access to economic resources, often vulnerable to global market changes.

Accountability in Institutions

The obligation of institutions to be answerable for their actions within the global governance framework.

Stakeholder Interests

The various objectives and concerns of individuals or groups affected by political and economic policies.

Labor Mobility

The ability for labor to move across borders in search of better economic opportunities.

Cultural Exchange

The sharing of cultural elements between societies, often leading to enrichment and adaptation.

Trade Agreements

Contracts between countries that establish rules for trading goods and services.

Bipolar World

A global power structure characterized by two dominant states or alliances.

Economic Integration

The unification of economic policies and practices among different countries or regions.

Neoliberalism

A modern political and economic theory promoting free-market capitalism and global trade.

Collective Security

A system of maintaining world peace through mutual defense and cooperation among states.

Global Consciousness

An awareness of the interconnectedness of the world and the importance of global cooperation.

Technological Change

The evolution and impact of new technology on societies and economies.

Political Institutions

Organizations that create and enforce rules governing political life.

Economic Institutions

Structures that manage the economy and include entities that regulate trade and finance.

Public Welfare

The well-being of the general public, often considered in political and economic decision-making.

Civil Engagement

Active participation by citizens in political and civic activities.

Political Stability

The durability and integrity of a political system, often impacting economic growth.

Capitalist Economy

An economic system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

International Relations

The study of the interactions among countries, including diplomacy, conflict, and cooperation.

Security Conditions

The state of safety and stability that influences international relations and economic partnerships.

Cultural Inputs

Elements such as art, values, and beliefs that influence cultural development worldwide.

Examples of Intergovernmental Organizations

Groups such as the United Nations and World Trade Organization that facilitate international cooperation.

Global Markets

World-wide arenas in which goods and services are exchanged, affecting international economies.

Economic Competition

The rivalry among businesses for market share and profitability on a global scale.

Social Behaviors

Actions and interactions among individuals and groups within a society.

Global Economic Structure

The framework of relationships and institutions that govern global trade and finance.

Cultural Identity

The sense of belonging to a particular culture or community that shapes individual perspectives.