US History Unit 1: Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Unit 1 review guide covering key terms, historical figures, legislation, and concepts related to Urbanization, Industrialization, and Immigration.

Bimetallism

System using both silver and gold to back currency.

Civil Service

Branch of government consisting of employees who are not elected, military, or judicial.

Tenements

Where the low income immigrants lived.

Problems in the Cities

Because there are so many immigrants coming the cities got over populated and got so dirty and filthy, and bunch of viruses were going on.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Made it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with fair trade. Prosecuting under this act was not easy and the government stopped trying to enforce it.

Nativism

Preferring to live in your own country and being native to your country.

Immigration

People moving into a new country.

Graft

Unethical or illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

Political Machines

Helped immigrants with naturalization (citizenship) , jobs , and housing in exchange for votes.

Chinese Exclusion Act

This act was passed by the congress to decrease/ eliminate chinese immigration to the United States.

Patronage

Granting favors in return for political support.

Vertical Integration

When you buy everything that helps make your product better.

Horizontal Integration

Merging with another company that has the same level of value chain in the same industry.

Laissez Faire

No rules, No laws, or restrictions governing what businesses owners could do.

Monopolies

When a single company achieves control of the entire market.

1896 Election

William Mckinley defeated democrat William Jennings.

William McKinley

Front porch candidate (stayed close to home to campanie. 7 million votes, carries east and industrial midwest.

William Jennings Bryan

A democrat who was known for his "Cross of Gold" speech. Traveled, tried to make up for lack of campaign money.

"Cross of Gold" speech

Addressed by William Jennings. 6.5 million votes, carried south and farmers in the midwest.

Populism

2 opposing groups claiming that politics is the general will of people. make government more helpful/responsive to farmers and workers.

The Grange

An American agriculture and community organization.

Americanization

Immigrants coming to America and their traditions and cultures.

Social Darwinism

Based on Darwin's theory of evolution (survival of the fittest) success and failure in business were governed by natural law and no one had the right to intervene.

Industrialization

Transforming from a farming based economy into a machine manufacturing industry.

Economies of Scale

Cost of manufacturing decreased by producing in large quantities. Many small businesses, many family owned, could not compete with corporations and were forced out of business.

Pullman Strike

A court order was used to stop this strike.

Haymarket Riot

An incident in 1886 blamed on the knights of labor, hurt the union's reputation.

Samuel Gompers

An incident in 1886 blamed on the knights of labor, hurt the union's reputation.

Eugene V. Debs

American Railway Union- brought skilled and unskilled roadway workers.

Great Railroad Strike

Caused by the poor working conditions and unsafe and unskilled roadway workers.

Workforce

Groups engaged in labor, employment, and economic production overtime.

Impacts of Technology

Helped Jacob Rils with his documents.

Gilded Age

The cities grew in the late 19th century, so did political machines. Political machines sought to control entire cities.