RESP 220 Quiz 1

Be able to trace the 3 pathways of fetal circulation from and to the placenta (Ppt and text)

1. RA (right atrium) to

• foramen ovale to

• LA (left atrium) to

• LV (left ventricle) to

• aorta to

• system

2. RA to

• RV to

• pulmonary artery to

• ductus arteriosus to

• aorta to

• system

3. RA to

• RV to

• pulmonary artery to

• lung to

• pulmonary veins to

• LA to

• LV to

• aorta to

• system

Know what happens to pulmonary and systemic blood pressures during the transition to extrauterine life (Ppt)

↑PVR , ↓ SVR

(utero is high PVR/SVR) fetal circulation

↓PVR, ↑ SVR

(birth/transition is low PVR/SVR)

PVR= pulmonary vascular resistance

SVR= systemic vascular

Know the stages of fetal lung development in order(Ppt and text)

1. embryonal (26 days - 52 days) gestational age

2. psuedoglandular (52 days - 16 weeks)

3. canalicular (17 weeks to 26 weeks)

4. saccular (26 weeks to 36 weeks)

5. alveolar (36 weeks to term)

Which stage of fetal lung development can the fetus first have a chance of survival

canaliculi stage (17 weeks to 26 weeks)

Know in which stage of fetal lung development the air-blood barrier can support gas exchange (Ppt and text)

canalicular stage (17 weeks to 26 weeks)

Know the causes of abnormal fetal lung development (Ppt)

Maternal smoking

Maternal drug abuse

Maternal exposure to environmental toxins

Poor maternal nutrition

Hypoxia in utero

Know the causes of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero (Text – Pp. 7-9)

Know what occurs in transition with inflation of the lungs (Text – p. 20)

Know what conditions may develop in hydrops fetalis (Ppt)

A condition of the fetus which involves edema in at least 2 of the following compartments:

• Subcutaneous/Scalp

• Pleura (Pleural Effusion)

• Pericardium (Pericardial effusion)

• Abdomen (Ascites)

– The basic cause is fetal anemia which leads to

tachycardia and subsequent heart failure

– Heart failure leads to fluid imbalances and edema

between body compartments

– Mortality rate is high

Know what lung development conditions can occur secondary to prematurity (Ppt)

Cystic Fibrosis and Abnormal Pediatric

Lung Development:

• Chronic infections

• Bronchiectasis

• Hyperinflation

Know the O2 Sat in various areas of the fetal circulation (Ppt)

• Umbilical Vein: 70%

• Inferior vena cava post ductus venosus: 70%

• Superior vena cava: 40%

• Right atrium: 55%

• Right ventricle: 55%

• Left Atrium: 65%

• Left ventricle: 65%

Know the following things from the Newborn/Adult Comparison Chart:

a. BP derivation for the newborn

HR

b. MAP calculation for the newborn

Equal to Gestational Age in Wks + 5

c. Response to inotropes for the newborn

d. Response to hypoglycemia for the newborn

e. Response to hypoxia for the newborn

bradycardia