Interpersonal Communication Review

What is interpersonal communication?

Communication between two or more people.

What are the five major elements of communication?

Sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback.

Who is the sender in communication?

The individual who creates a message to convey information or ideas.

What is a message in the context of communication?

Information, idea, or thought to be communicated.

What does the channel refer to in communication?

How the message is sent, which can be verbal or non-verbal.

Who is the receiver in communication?

The individual who gets the message.

What is feedback in communication?

The receiver's response to the message, which can be verbal or non-verbal.

What is noise in the communication process?

Anything that interferes with or distorts the message being communicated.

What is the significance of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

It outlines the stages of human needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

What are the basic needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?

Physiological needs such as food, water, warmth, and rest.

What is self-actualization in Maslow's hierarchy?

Achieving one's full potential, including creative activities.

What are psychological needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

Esteem needs, including prestige and feelings of accomplishment.

What is the role of non-verbal communication?

It includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone, and posture, making up 93% of communication.

What is therapeutic communication?

A technique that involves active listening and encouraging patients to express their thoughts and feelings.

What is active listening?

Involves hearing the words and looking for non-verbal cues.

What does assertiveness mean in communication?

Being firm and standing by principles while showing respect.

What is a 'verbal slip'?

When the words said do not match the non-verbal communication.

What is the importance of clarity in written communication?

Writing should be clear and concise, with correct grammar and spelling.

What is the significance of feedback in communication?

It provides evidence of understanding and helps improve communication effectiveness.

What is the role of personal space in communication?

It varies based on the relationship and context, affecting comfort and interaction.

What is the purpose of mirroring in therapeutic communication?

To reflect the patient's feelings and encourage them to express themselves.

What is the impact of cultural differences on communication?

Cultural backgrounds can influence communication styles, interpretations, and responses.

Compensation

Overemphasizing a trait to make up for a perceived or actual failing.

Denial

An unconscious attempt to reject unacceptable feelings, needs, thoughts, wishes, or external reality factors.

Displacement

The unconscious transfer of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or desires from the self to a more acceptable external substitute.

Dissociation

Disconnecting emotional significance from specific ideas or events.

Identification

Mimicking the behavior of another to cope with feelings of inadequacy.

Introjection

Adopting the unacceptable thoughts or feelings of others.

Projection

Projecting onto another person one's own feelings, as if they had originated in the other person.

Rationalization

Justifying unacceptable behavior, thoughts, and feelings into tolerable behaviors.

Regression

Unconsciously returning to more infantile behaviors or thoughts.

Repression

Putting unpleasant thoughts, feelings, or events out of one's mind.

Substitution

Unconsciously replacing an unreachable or unacceptable goal with another, more acceptable one.

Reassurance

Indicates to the patient that there is no need for anxiety or worry, potentially devaluing the patient's feelings.

Approval

Overtly approving of a patient's behavior, which may lead the patient to strive for praise rather than progress.

Disapproval

Overtly disapproving of a patient's behavior implies judgment on the patient's thoughts and actions.

Agreeing/disagreeing

Overtly agreeing or disagreeing with patients can lead to miscommunication and conflict.

Advising

Telling the patient what should be done, which places the caregiver outside their scope of practice.

Probing

Discussing a topic that the patient has no desire to discuss.

Defending

Protecting oneself or the institution from verbal attack, which may hinder communication.

Requesting an explanation

Asking patients to provide reasons for their behavior, which may be intimidating.

Minimizing feelings

Judging or making light of a patient's discomfort, failing to perceive from the patient's perspective.

Making stereotyped comments

Using meaningless clichés when communicating with patients instead of thoughtful explanations.

Coping Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies developed by patients to protect themselves.