Infection Control Unit

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Pathogens

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Microorganisms that cause infection and disease

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Microorganisms

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Organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells

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31 Terms

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Pathogens

Microorganisms that cause infection and disease

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Microorganisms

Organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells

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Aerobic

Survive and grow in an oxygenated environment

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Asepsis

No living disease-causing microorganisms are present

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Disinfectant

Chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces

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Sterilization

Chemical that is applied to inanimate objects to kill all microorganisms as well as spores

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Anaerobic

Germs that can survive and grow where there is no oxygen

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Antiseptic

Reduce or stop the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms on the skin and mucous membranes

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Contaminated

Impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for both physical body or nature

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Chain of Infection

  1. Infective agent

  2. Reservoir

  3. Portal of Exit

  4. Mode of Transmission

  5. Portal of Entry

  6. Susceptible host

<ol><li><p>Infective agent</p></li><li><p>Reservoir</p></li><li><p>Portal of Exit</p></li><li><p>Mode of Transmission</p></li><li><p>Portal of Entry</p></li><li><p>Susceptible host</p></li></ol>
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Bacteria

Antibiotics are usually effective

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Protozoans

Some antibiotics may be effective

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Fungi

Antibiotics are not effective; need antifungals

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Rickettsiae

Antibiotics are effective

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Viruses

Antibiotics are NOT effective

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Two Viral Disease of Major Concern to Healthcare Workers

Hepatitis B/C and AIDs

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Endogenous

Infection or disease originates

within the body.

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Exogenous

Infection or disease originates

outside the body

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Nosocomial

Infection acquired by a patient

while inside a healthcare facility

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Opportunistic

Infection or disease that occur when the immune system weakened.

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Localized

Infection is restricted to a specific area

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Sepsis

An infection has spread throughout the whole body

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Common Aseptic Techniques

1. Handwashing

2. Good personal hygiene

3. Use of gloves when handling contaminated

materials

4. Proper cleaning of instruments and equipment

5. Cleaning of the environment

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Antiseptics

Prevent or inhibit growth of most pathogens.Can be used on the skin

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Disinfection

Chemicals that kill pathogens, but not all viruses,

spores, or prions. Used mainly on objects – can damage skin

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Sterilization

Destroys all pathogens except prions. Uses

steam under pressure, gas, radiation, or chemicals. Used ONLY on objects, never people

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When to wash hands

  1. Upon arrival and before leaving medical facility

  1. Before and after every patient contact

  2. If hands become contaminated during a procedure

  3. After removing gloves

  4. After handling any specimen

  5. After contact with any contaminated item

  6. After picking up item off floor

  7. After use of bathroom

  8. After coughing, sneezing, or using tissue

  9. Before eating

  10. Before inserting or removing contact lenses

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Order of Handwashing

Turn on the water

Verbalize temperature (lukewarm)

Do NOT lean against sink/counter- Wash for at least 20 seconds.

Wet hands: wrist-hands-fingers pointed down

Lather with soap (enough to cover hands/wrists with visible lather)

Surfaces->wrist-hands(front/back)->fingers

Interlace fingers with the opposite hand

Cleans fingernails circular motion on the opposite palm

Rinses hands/wrists pointing down (lower than elbow)

Dries using a paper towel in correct order (wrists->hands->fingers)

Turns off sink/water with a paper towel

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Donning PPE

  1. Gown

  2. Mask

  3. Goggles

  4. Gloves

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Doffing PPE

  1. Gloves

  2. Goggles

  3. Gown

  4. Mask

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Rules developed by the CDC to protect workers and

patients.(Standard Precautions)

Every body fluid must be considered a potentially

infectious material, and all patients must be considered potential sources of infection, regardless of their diagnosis or disease