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Social Penetration Theory-Self-Disclosure-Breadth of Disclosure-Depth of Disclosure-Social Penetration

Social Penetration Theory, Explains how relationships grow closer through self-disclosure over time and move through different stages of intimacy
Self-Disclosure, Intentionally sharing personal or private information with someone else
Breadth of Disclosure, How many different topics people talk about in a relationship
Depth of Disclosure, How personal or intimate the information being shared is

Social Penetration, The process of becoming closer by increasing both breadth and depth of disclosure

Stages of Social Penetration-Orientation Stage-Exploratory Affective Exchange Stage-Affective Exchange Stage-Stable Exchange Stage-Depenetration

Orientation Stage, The beginning stage of a relationship where communication is surface-level and people avoid conflict
Exploratory Affective Exchange Stage, The stage where people start sharing more personal information and communication becomes more relaxed and spontaneous
Affective Exchange Stage, The stage where deeper feelings are shared and people feel comfortable being honest, including criticism
Stable Exchange Stage, The stage where there is high trust, high intimacy, and open communication
Depenetration, When self-disclosure decreases and the relationship starts to weaken or fall apart

Costs, Rewards, and Relationship Value Costs-Social Exchange Theory,-Worth of a Relationship-Comparison Level-Relationship Satisfaction-Comparison Level for Alternatives-Relationship Stability

Costs, The negative or draining aspects of a relationship
Rewards, The positive or beneficial parts of a relationship
Social Exchange Theory, Explains how people evaluate relationships based on rewards and costs
Worth of a Relationship, The value of a relationship based on rewards minus costs
Comparison Level, Personal standards for what someone expects from a relationship
Relationship Satisfaction, How happy someone is based on whether expectations are met
Comparison Level for Alternatives, Comparing a current relationship to other options, including being alone
Relationship Stability, Whether someone stays in or leaves a relationship

Relational Dialectics Theory & Tensions-Relational Dialectics Theory-Contradictions-Totality-Process-Praxis-Autonomy Versus Connection-Novelty Versus Predictability-Openness Versus Closedness

Relational Dialectics Theory, Explains how relationships involve ongoing tensions between opposite needs that exist at the same time
Contradictions, Opposing needs or desires that exist together in a relationship
Totality, The idea that all relational tensions are connected and affect each other
Process, The idea that relationships are always changing and never completely stable
Praxis, The choices people make in how they respond to and manage relationship tensions
Autonomy Versus Connection, The tension between wanting independence and wanting closeness
Novelty Versus Predictability, The tension between wanting excitement and wanting stability
Openness Versus Closedness, The tension between sharing information and keeping things private

Slide 5: Privacy & Disclosure-Communication Privacy Management Theory-Privacy Ownership-Control-Privacy Boundaries-Privacy Turbulence-Catalysts-Recalibration-Disclosure Decision-disclose health-Stigma-Preparation-Prognosis-Symptoms-Relational Quality-Anticipated Response

Communication Privacy Management Theory, Explains how people believe they own their private information and control who they share it with
Privacy Ownership, The belief that your private information belongs to you
Control, Deciding when, how, and with whom private information is shared
Privacy Boundaries, Rules people create for sharing private information
Privacy Turbulence, Problems or loss of trust that happen when privacy rules are broken
Catalysts, Events that cause people to change their privacy boundaries
Recalibration, Adjusting privacy rules after a boundary problem happens
Disclosure Decision-Making Model, Explains how people decide whether or not to disclose health-related information
Stigma, Fear of being judged negatively for revealing information
Preparation, How ready someone is to talk about personal or health information
Prognosis, Expectations about what will happen in the future with an illness or condition
Symptoms, Signs or experiences of a health condition
Relational Quality, How close or strong the relationship is with the person being told
Anticipated Response, How someone expects the other person to react to the disclosure

Equity & Relationship Fairness-Equity Theory-Inputs-Outputs-Equitable Relationship-Underbenefited Relationship-Overbenefited Relationship

Equity Theory, Explains how feeling that a relationship is fair affects satisfaction
Inputs, What a person believes they put into a relationship
Outputs, What a person believes they get out of a relationship
Equitable Relationship, A relationship where inputs and outputs feel balanced
Underbenefited Relationship, A relationship where someone feels they give more than they receive
Overbenefited Relationship, A relationship where someone feels they receive more than they give

Relationship Maintenance-Assurance-Openness-Positivity-Social Networks-Shared Tasks

Relationship Maintenance, Behaviors people use to keep relationships healthy
Assurance, Communicating commitment and reassurance to a partner
Openness, Sharing thoughts and feelings honestly
Positivity, Using optimism and kindness in communication
Social Networks, Friends and family support that help relationships
Shared Tasks, Doing everyday responsibilities together

Affection & Needs-Affection Exchange Theory-Affection-Affectionate Communication-Affection Deprivation-Excessive Affection

Affection Exchange Theory, Explains that humans need affection and communicate it verbally and nonverbally
Affection, Feelings of liking, love, and care
Affectionate Communication, Verbal and nonverbal ways of showing affection
Affection Deprivation, Not receiving enough affection
Excessive Affection, Receiving too much affection

Stress & Resilience in Relationships
Theory of Resilience and Relational Load-Resilience,-Communal Orientation-Emotional Capital-Emotional Reserves-Relational Load

Theory of Resilience and Relational Load, Explains how communication helps relationships handle stress over time
Resilience, The ability to adapt and communicate effectively during stress
Communal Orientation, Seeing the relationship as a “we” instead of just “me”
Emotional Capital, Intimacy and commitment built through communication
Emotional Reserves, Support and affection that help people cope with stress
Relational Load, The amount of stress placed on a relationship

Family Communication Patterns
Family Communication Patterns Theory-Conversation Orientation-Conformity Orientation-Consensual Family-Pluralistic Family-Protective Family,-Laissez-Faire Family

Family Communication Patterns Theory, Explains how family communication styles affect relationships and development
Conversation Orientation, How much families encourage open discussion
Conformity Orientation, How much families emphasize agreement and shared beliefs
Consensual Family, A family with open communication but also strong expectations for agreement
Pluralistic Family, A family with open communication and little pressure to agree
Protective Family, A family with limited communication and high pressure to agree
Laissez-Faire Family, A family with little communication and little pressure to agree

Attachment Theory-Attachment Figure-Secure Attachment Style-Preoccupied Attachment Style-Dismissive Attachment Style-Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style

Attachment Theory, Explains how early relationships with caregivers influence later relationships
Attachment Figure, A person who provides comfort and security
Secure Attachment Style, Feeling good about yourself and trusting others
Preoccupied Attachment Style, Doubting yourself but valuing closeness with others
Dismissive Attachment Style, Feeling independent and avoiding closeness
Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style, Wanting closeness but also fearing it

Narratives & Sense-Making-Communicated Narrative Sense-Making Theory

Explains how people use storytelling to understand experiences, relationships, and challenges

Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX)-In-Group-Middle-Group, -Out-Group-Role-Taking-Role-Making-Role-Routinization

Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Describes the unique relationship between a leader and each group member
In-Group, Members with positive relationships and interactions with the leader
Middle-Group, Members with moderate interactions and relationships
Out-Group, Members with poor interactions, low trust, and minimal support
Role-Taking, The phase where tasks are assigned and training occurs
Role-Making, The phase where roles are defined, expectations set, and co-negotiation happens
Role-Routinization, The phase where roles and expectations become routine, trust develops, and the leader understands member styles

Sensemaking Theory,ESR Model,Enactment,Selection,Retention

Sensemaking Theory, Explains how we try to assign meaning to events and experiences
ESR Model, The model for sensemaking (Enactment, Selection, Retention)
Enactment, Witnessing the situation or event
Selection, Analyzing the situation and choosing a course of action
Retention, The chosen course becomes a standard for future situations

Work-Family Border Theory-Borders-Spillover-Border Flexibility-Border Strength-Border-Crossers-Border-Keepers-Work-Life Balance

Work-Family Border Theory, Explains how work and family are naturally connected and influence each other
Borders, The divisions between work and family roles
Spillover, When emotions, stress, or behavior from one domain affect the other
Border Flexibility, How easily one moves between work and family roles
Border Strength, How rigid or clear the border is
Border-Crossers, People who move between work and family domains
Border-Keepers, People who enforce the borders
Work-Life Balance, Questioning whether balance is realistically possible

Four Functions of Mass Communication-Surveillance,-Correlation-Cultural Transmission/Socialization-Entertainment

Surveillance, Observing and reporting important, newsworthy events
Correlation, How media interprets events and influences how we understand them
Cultural Transmission/Socialization, How media teaches us about culture and how to fit in
Entertainment, Media that provides pleasure, amusement, or distraction

Agenda Setting & Priming-Agenda-Setting Theory-Priming Theory-Example,-Connection

Agenda-Setting Theory, The media tells us what to think about by choosing what topics or events to cover and how often
Priming Theory, After repeated exposure to a topic, people interpret it through a certain lens, influenced by knowledge and associations
Example, 81 news stories about President Biden’s age in 4 days influences how people view the topic
Connection, Priming is often an extension of agenda-setting

Framing-Impact-Intentional or not

Framing, How a story is packaged and presented to news consumers
Impact, The way media tells a story affects how people perceive events, people, and ideas
Intentional or not, media presentation influences audience perception

Health Literacy-Example

Health Literacy, The ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make informed decisions
Example, Understanding prescription instructions, interpreting health news, knowing vaccination info

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)-Volitional Behaviors-Behavioral Belief-Normative Beliefs-Intention-Attitude Toward the Behavior,-Subjective Norms

Theory of Reasoned Action, Behavior is determined by intention to act
Volitional Behaviors, Behaviors under personal control
Behavioral Beliefs, Beliefs about the outcomes of the behavior
Normative Beliefs, Perceptions of social pressure or expectations
Intention, The main predictor of behavior
Attitude Toward the Behavior, Positive or negative evaluation of the behavior
Subjective Norms, Social pressure or motivation to comply

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-Perceived Behavioral Control,-Self-Efficacy-TPB

Theory of Planned Behavior, Extension of TRA including perceived control
Perceived Behavioral Control, How easy or hard someone thinks it is to perform the behavior
Self-Efficacy, Confidence in one’s ability to perform the behavior
TPB, Explains how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control shape intentions

Psychological Reactance Theory (PRT)-Freedom-Freedom Threat-Reactance-Freedom Restoration-Health Campaign Relevance

Psychological Reactance Theory, Explains how people react when their freedom or autonomy is threatened
Freedom, The ability to choose freely
Freedom Threat, When choices or autonomy are restricted
Reactance, Motivated resistance to regain freedom
Freedom Restoration, Actions taken to restore autonomy
Health Campaign Relevance, Helps explain responses to COVID-19 prevention measures