Block 5 Microbes

Actinobacillus equili species

horse

Actinobacillus equili stain

gram negative

Actinobacillus equili shape

coccobacillus

Actinobacillus equili O2

facultative anaerobe

Actinobacillus equili signs

foal septicemia, "sleepy foal disease", polyarthritis/"joint ill"

Actinobacillus equili transmission

normal mucosal flora, contaminated umbilicus, inhalation, translocation from the GI tract

What causes "sleepy foal disease" and "joint ill" in horses?

Actinobacillus equili

Anaplasma phagocytophilum species

cat, cow, dog, horse (primarily dog)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum stain

gram negative

Anaplasma phagocytophilum shape

small, pleomorphic cocci

Anaplasma phagocytophilum O2

aerobic

Anaplasma phagocytophilum signs, canine

polyarthritis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, CNS signs

Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmission

tick-borne (Ixodes)

Bartonella henselae species

cat, sometimes dog

Bartonella henselae stain

gram negative

Bartonella henselae shape

small rod

Bartonella henselae O2

aerobe

Bartonella henselae signs

cat scratch fever, polyarthritis, endocarditis

Bartonella henselae transmission

cat fleas, cat scratches

Borrelia burgdorferi species

dog

Borrelia burgdorferi stain

gram negative

Borrelia burgdorferi shape

spirochete

Borrellia burgdorferi O2

microaerobe

Borrelia burgdorferi signs

polyarthritis, lymphadenopathy

Brucella spp. stain

gram negative

Brucella spp. shape

coccobacillus

Brucella spp. O2

obligate aerobe

Brucella abortus species

cow, horse

Brucella abortus signs, bovine

abortion, retained placenta, infertility

Brucella abortus signs, equine

fistulous withers, poll evil, bursitis

Brucella canis species

dog

Brucella canis signs

abortion, infertility, diskospondylitis, osteomyelitis

Clostridium spp. stain

gram positive

Clostridium spp. shape

spore-forming rods

Clostridium spp. O2

obligate anaerobe

Clostridium botulinum species

dog, cat, cow, horse

Clostridium botulinum signs

flaccid paralysis, "shaker foal syndrome"

Clostridium tetani species

horse

Clostridium tetani signs

rigid paralysis

Ehrlichia ewingii species

dog

Ehrlichia ewingii stain

gram negative

Ehrlichia ewingii O2

obligate anaerobe (intercellular)

Ehrlichia ewingii shape

coccoid/ellipsoid

Ehrlichia ewingii signs

polyarthritis

Ehrlichia ewingii transmission

tick-borne (Amblyomma americanum)

Enterococcus spp. species

cat, cow, dog, horse

Enterococcus spp. stain

gram positive

Enterococcus spp. shape

cocci

Enterococcus spp. O2

facultative anaerobe

Enterococcus spp. signs

diarrhea, opportunistic infection

Enterococcus spp. transmission

normal GI flora, opportunistic infection

Escherichia coli species

cat, cow, dog, horse

Escherichia coli stain

gram negative

Escherichia coli shape

rod

Escherichia coli O2

facultative anaerobe

Escherichia coli signs, all species

UTI, enteritis, septicemia

Escherichia coli signs, canine specific

pyometritis

Escherichia coli signs, bovine specific

mastitis, "joint ill"

Escherichia coli transmission

normal GI flora, fecal-oral route

Mycoplasma spp. species

cat, cow, dog, horse

Mycoplasma spp. stain

no cell wall

Mycoplasma spp. shape

pleomorphic

Mycoplasma spp. O2

variable

Mycoplasma spp. signs, all species

pneumonia, opportunistic infection

Mycoplasma spp. signs, feline specific

polyarthritis, synovitis, tenosynoviits

Pasteurella multocida species

cat, cow

Pasteurella multocida stain

gram negative

Pasteurella multocida shape

coccobacillus

Pasteurella multocida O2

facultative anaerobe

Pasteurella multocida signs, feline

wound abscess (usually from bites)

Pasteurella multocida signs, bovine

pneumonia, shipping fever complex

Pseudomonas aeruginosa species

cat, cow, dog, horse

Pseudomonas aeruginosa stain

gram negative

Pseudomonas aeruginosa shape

rod

Pseudomonas aeruginosa O2

obligate aerobe

Pseudomonas aeruginosa signs, all species

resistant opportunistic infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa signs, canine specific

otitis externa/media

Pseudomonas aeruginosa transmission

found in the environment, opportunistic infection

Rhodococcus equi species

horse

Rhodococcus equi stain

gram positive

Rhodococcus equi shape

rods in exponential phase, cocci in stationary phase

Rhodococcus equi O2

aerobe

Rhodococcus equi signs

foal pneumonia, abscess

Rickettsia rickettsii species

dog

Rickettsia rickettsii stain

gram negative

Rickettsia rickettsii shape

paired rods

Rickettsia rickettsii O2

aerobe

Rickettsia rickettsii signs

polyarthritis, lymphadenopathy, respiratory illness, CNS signs

Rickettsia rickettsii tramsission

ticks (Dermacentor variabilis & andersoni, Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

Staphylococcus spp. stain

gram positive

Staphylococcus spp. shape

cocci, clusters

Staphylococcus spp. O2

facultative anaerobe

Staphylococcus spp. species

cat, cow, dog, horse

Staphylococcus spp. signs

abscess, pyoderma, otitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

Staphylococcus spp. transmission

normal skin/gut flora, opportunistic infection

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius species

dog, sometimes cat

Streptococcus spp. stain

gram positive

Streptococcus spp. shape

cocci, chains

Streptococcus spp. O2

facultative anaerobe

Streptococcus spp. signs

sepsis, abscess, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis