IB History of The Americas Review 1

The Road to Global War

Long Term Causes of World War I

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

Militarism

Building weaponery, glorifying the military

Alliances

Agreement to support another country when in war

Imperialism

Extension of country’s power by controlling another nations’ policies and/or economy

Colonies

E.g. The Scramble for Africa

Nationalism

Pride in one’s country

Immediate Cause of World War I

Serbian groups’ assassination of Archduck Franz Ferdinand

The Allies

1) Great Britain

2) Russia

3) France

4) Japan (for few weeks)

5) Italy (joined later)

6) United States

Central Powers

1) Germany

2) Austria-Hungary

3) Bulgaria

4) Ottoman Empire (later)

Treaty of Versailles

Blamed and punished Germany for WWI. Germany had to:

• Take full blame

• Pay reparations

• Disarm and disassemble military

• Give up colonies

The Weimar Republic

Democratic government of Germany post WWI

(1918) Paris Peace Conference

Japan gets little consessions + no racial equality clause

(1922) Washington Conference

West try limit Japan Navy

(1923) Mukden Incident/ Manchurian Crisis

Japan railroad explosion, blame China + further expanded into Manchuria

Rape of Nanking

When Japan Munchuria and commited horrible things to civilians

(1940) Three Power / Tripartite Pact

Agreement w/ Italy + Germany

IT and GM dominate Europe and Japan dominate East Asia

(1941) Signed Neutrality Acts w/ Soviet Union

To secure northen border

Invaded into IndoChina

(1923) Corfu Affair

Invaded a greek island after official killed at Albanian border

British threaten navy and Italy stopped

(1928) Kellogg-Briand Pact

Outlawed war + Mussolini expands air force to help Italy becomes world power

(1935-36) Walwal Incident

Italy invasion of Ethopia

(1937) Italy leaves League of Nations

:(

(1939) Pact of Steel

Germany and Italy military and political alliance

(1937) Saar Plebiscite

Small coal rich under France control voted to join Germany

(1936) Re-militarization of Rhineland

Violated Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Treaty

Withdraw from the Disarmament Conf.

(1938) Anschuluss

Hitler encourages Nazi riots in Austria to take over, Mussolini let him

(1938) Sudetenland Crisis

Sudetenland = Czech area with Germans

Hitler claimed mistreatment, Britain allowed Germany to take over

Led to invasion of Czech

(1939) Nazi Soviet Pact

Nonaggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union

(1939) Hitler invades Poland

France and Great Britain declare war, WW2 begins

Response to Japan invasion of IndoChina

U.S. and Great Britain halted trade and frozen Japanese assets

Response to Italy

Appeasement

Weak response from League of Nations

Response to Germany

Appeasement

Great Britain and France realized appeasement wasn’t working after Hitler invaded Poland

(1938) Munich Agreement

U.S., Germany, France and Italy agree Czech should give up Sudetenland to Germany to avoid war