Adv. Anatomy- Muscles of the Face and Orbits

state the muscles of facial expression:

epicranius, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis orbis, platysma, buccinator

what cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the face?

trigeminal

what cranial nerves provide motor innervation to the face?

- CN VII (facial nerve)

- CN V3 ( mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)

what is the main arterial supply to the face?

facial artery branching off from the

what is the main venous drainage of the facial region?

facial vein

where does the facial vein originate?

near the medial angle of the as the angular vein

what structures are embedded within the parotid gland?

CN VII, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery

what CN provides visceral motor innervation to parotid gland?

CN IX (glossopharyngeal )

state the muscles of mastication (MOM):

temporalis, masseter, lateral ptyergoid, medial pterygoid

what CN innervates the MOM?

CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)

state the function of the temporalis:

- elevate the mandible

- close the jaws

- retract the mandible

state the function of masseter:

- elevates the mandible

- protrude the mandible

state the function of the lateral pterygoid:

bilaterally: protract mandible, depress the chin

unilaterally: swings the jaw toward the contralateral side

state the function of the medial pterygoid:

- acts with the masseter to elevate the mandible

- protrusion

what is the temporomandibular joint?

a modified hinge type of synovial joint the lies anterior to the ear

state the two movements of the TMJ:

- hinge-like movement of elevation and depression

- anterior gliding

what is the function of the lingual nerve?

branch of the CN V3, provides sensory to the oral mucosa

what is the function of inferior alveolar nerve?

branch of CN V3, provides sensory innervation to the lower dental arcade

state the structures of the deep face:

- medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

- lingual nerve

- inferior alveolar nerve

- branches of maxillary artery

- chorda tympani

what is the chorda tympani?

branch of CN VII that carries taste sensations to anterior 2/3 of tongue

what is the main blood supply of the head and neck region?

common carotid artery

what does the the external carotid arteries supply?

structures external to the cranium

what are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

state the 6 arteries arising from the external carotid artery:

- ascending pharyngeal

- occipital

- posterior auricular

- superior thyroid

- lingual

- facial

what does the internal carotid arteries supply?

orbits and most of the brain

what is the main venous drainage of the head and neck region?

internal jugular and external jugular veins

state the internal jugular vein drainage:

-almost all of the blood from the brain via dura sinuses

- anterior face

- cervical viscera

- deep muscles of the neck

state the tributaries of the internal jugular veins:

- inferior petrosal sinus

- pharyngeal

- facial

- lingual

- thyroid

state the external jugular vein drainage:

parts of the scalp and face

state the tributaries of the external jugular veins:

- superficial temporal

- maxillary

- retromandibular

what is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

elevates the superior eyelid

what nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

CN III (oculomotor)

what is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

closes eyelids

what CN innervates the orbicularis oculi?

CN VII

what is the tarsal gland?

gland embedded in the tarsi that produces lipid secretions for lubricating the eyelid edges and anterior surface of the eye

what is the function of the lacrimal gland?

produces lacrimal fluid (tears)

what is the function of the lacrimal ducts?

convey fluid to the conjunctival sac

what is the function of the lacrimal canaliculi?

drain tears into the nasolacrimal duct to the nasal cavity

what CN provides parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal glands?

CN VII

state the origin and insertion for the extraocular muscles?

- O: walls of the orbit

- I: outer surface of the eyeball

what is the common tendinous ring?

origin of the 4 recti muscles that surrounds the optic canal

what is the action of the 4 recti extraocular muscles?

elevation, depression, adduction, abduction of the eyeball

what is the function of the superior oblique?

abduction and depression of the eyeball

what CN innervates the superior oblique?

CN IV (trochlear)

what is the function of the inferior oblique?

abduction and elevation of the eyeball

what is CN innervates the lateral rectus?

CN VI (abducent)

what CN provides general sensory to the orbit?

CN V1

what CN provides special sensory to the orbits?

CN II

what CN provides branchial motor to the orbits?

CN VII

what CN nerves provides somatic motor to the orbits?

- CN III

- CN IV

- CN VI

what is the primary blood supply to the orbits?

ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)

what is the central retinal artery?

terminal branch of ophthalmic artery (if blocked, immediate blindness)

what is the main venous drainage of the orbits?

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins