APUSH unit 4

Henry Clay

1777-1852; large political influence in this time, secretary of state and wannabe pres. great compromiser (tariff of 1833). american system maker

Daniel Webster

1782-1852; whig, secretary of state. large influence on politics at the time, american system maker

tariff of abominations

also known as tariff of 1828, raised a tax on imported goods (which therefore made other countries do the same to us). good for manufacturers (north), bad for farmers (south). leads to SC rebelling

spoils system

1700s-1800s; a practice in which newly elected ppl will bring in a bunch of their friends to office. greatly used by jackson and proudly; puts party > country

corrupt bargain

1824; “corrupt” deal between JQA and Henry Clay giving JQA the presidency and Clay the role of Secretary of State

leads to Jackson getting presidency in 1828

Denmark Vesey

1767-1822; former slave who bought his freedom and formed a rebellion - led to less allowance for freeing slaves and less free blacks

John C. Calhoun

1782-1850; statesman/VP, big states rights enjoyer. creates the nullification doctrine for SC. another major role in politics at the time

democrats vs whigs

~1824-1840; democrat(ic republican)s vs whigs (anti-jackson & masonics)

nullification crisis

1828; caused by tariff of abominations bc southerners don’t want to pay ts! south carolina (john c calhoun) makes nullification saying that the tariff doesn’t apply there, jackson doesn’t like this and militarized against SC

Indian removal act

1830; act to relocate native americans to reservations bc we keep breaking treaties (jackson overruled supreme court)

bank war

1832; jackson gets rid of bank of US (overruled judicial and legislative), leads to panic (depression). paper money is ass bc state banks are printing-happy and they’re bad at loans. somehow doesn’t get much backlash for this

black hawk war

1832; black hawk leads natives to resist eviction from their land, jackson brutally destroys them

cult of domesticity

1800s-1900s; idea that women were meant to work in the house (cook, clean, take care of kids, educate). little social mobility

political machines

1800s-1900s; political groups that get votes by offering people things (money/jobs normally). corrupt

interchangeable parts

late 1700/1800; made by eli whitney, makes manufacturing guns a lot easier bc easier to fix

canals

1700s-1800s; man made rivers, increase a lot in the 1800s, esp in the north. makes trade and industrialization easier

steam engines

late 1700s-1800s; mean you can drive up or down a river (mississippi) and encourages trade & immigrants

market revolution

1800s; the mass amount of production being done in a factory instead of in homes

transportation revolution

1800s; invention/ stronger usage of steamships, canals, and railroads promoting trade

telegraph

1840s; messages are able to be sent quicker over long distances, means more communication but no one needs horse riders anymore

innovations in textile machinery

1700s-1800s: invention of the cotton gin and forms of sewing machines promoting working in the factory instead of at home

susan b anthony

1820-1906; lecturer for women’s rights (suffrage, educational equality, abolitionism)

transcendentalism

1830s; idea that intuition and spirituality plays a big role in decisions as well and you shouldn’t just rely on reason, more nature based

elizabeth cady stanton

1815-1902; mother who wanted women’s suffrage, founder of seneca falls

women’s rights convention at seneca falls

1848; women enjoyers meet to say that they should be able to vote, all men AND WOMEN created equal

henry david thoreau

1817-1862; social critic (big author for the time), lecturer, transcendentalist. rejects artificialness that comes w industrialization

american temperance society

1826+; society meant to reduce drinking and discourage mass alcohol use, often bc of religion. social reform for the time

2nd great awakening

early 1800; emotional religious “revival” (it was already super alive, not rlly revived just even more). salvation through good deeds and a kind god. leads to other forms of reform (abolition, women’s movements, medical reform,

ralph waldo emerson

1803-1882; transcendental leader, essayist, poet, lecturer, famous for the time

emily dickinson

1830-1886; american romanticism poet for women, original american art

charles grandson finney

1792-1875; large religious leader but mostly abolitionist leader, “original sin”

dorothea dix

1802-1887; big leader for mental illness medicine and treatment, helped create mental hospitals

utopian communities

1800s; groups that wanted to leave society and thought it was too far gone to reform