Reproductive System
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These flashcards cover key concepts related to meiosis and the male reproductive system, summarizing fundamental biology terms and processes.
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18 Terms
Meiosis
The process of cell division that produces germ cells or reproductive cells, resulting in a reduction of chromosome number.
Mitosis
Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, maintaining the same chromosome number as the original cell.
Chromosome
A structure composed of DNA and proteins, containing genetic information.
Diploid
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (e.g., humans have 46 chromosomes).
Haploid
A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes (e.g., gametes like sperm and egg with 23 chromosomes).
Spermatogenesis
The process of sperm cell development from spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa.
Crossing Over
A process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.
Germ Cells
Reproductive cells that develop into sperm and egg.
Somatic Cells
All body cells except germ cells.
Prostate Gland
An accessory sex gland that produces seminal fluid to enhance sperm transport.
Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone produced by Leydig cells in the testes, responsible for the development of male characteristics.
Epididymis
A coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored after production.
Seminal Vesicles
Glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugars to nourish sperm and enhance their motility.
Acrosome
A cap-like structure on the head of sperm that contains enzymes essential for penetrating the egg.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
A hormone that stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
A hormone that stimulates testosterone production in the testes.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A hormone that promotes spermatogenesis in the testes.
Cytokinesis
The final process of cell division where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate cells.
