Interpretation of Results

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the interpretation of quantitative data.

Levels of Measurement

The different types of data classification, including nominal, ordinal, and interval.

Nominal Variable

A categorical variable with two or more categories that have no intrinsic ordering.

Ordinal Variable

A variable similar to nominal but with an ordering to the categories.

Interval Variable

A variable where the spacing between numerical values is equally spaced.

Descriptive Statistics

Numerical, graphical, and tabular techniques to organize, analyze, and present data.

Measures of Central Tendency

Statistical measures that describe the center of a dataset, including mode, mean, and median.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Mean

The average of a dataset calculated by dividing the sum of all scores by the number of scores.

Median

The middle number in a sorted dataset; if even, the average of the two middle numbers.

Measures of Dispersion

Statistics that describe the spread or variability of data, including range, variance, and standard deviation.

Standard Deviation

A measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Frequency Table

A table that displays the frequency of different values of a variable.

Cumulative Frequency

The running total of frequencies, showing how many observations fall below a particular value.

Bivariate Analysis

Analysis that examines the relationship between two variables.

Scatter Plot

A graphical representation illustrating the relationship between two quantitative variables.

Correlation Coefficient

A measure that describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

Inferential Statistics

Statistical techniques that allow conclusions to be drawn about a population based on sample data.

Hypothesis Testing

A method used to determine whether there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.

Regression Analysis

A statistical process for estimating relationships among variables.

Relative Frequency

The number of occurrences of a value in a dataset expressed as a proportion of the total number.