practical 1 learning outcomes

what does haematoxylin bind to

acidic or basophilic materials such as dna, rna, and ribosomes

what color does haematoxylin produce

blue to purple

where is haematoxylin commonly seen

nuclei and ribosome-rich cytoplasm across almost every slide

what does eosin bind to

basic or eosinophilic materials like most proteins, collagen, and cytoplasm

what color does eosin produce

pink to red

where is eosin commonly seen

cytoplasm, muscle tissue, and connective tissue matrix

what is the main purpose of a trichrome stain

differentiates collagen from cytoplasm

what color does trichrome stain collagen

green or blue

what color does trichrome stain cytoplasm

red or pink

what color does trichrome stain nuclei

dark brown to black

what does osmium tetroxide bind to

lipids, especially myelin

what color does osmium tetroxide produce

black

what do toluidine blue and nissl stains target

nucleic acids, proteoglycans, and rough er (nissl substance)

what color does toluidine blue produce

blue to violet

what color does nissl or cresyl violet produce

purple

what is the lumen of a blood vessel

the central open space inside the vessel through which blood flows

what is the wall of a blood vessel

the surrounding tissue layer made of intima, media, and externa that encloses the lumen

how does artery lumen shape compare to vein lumen shape

artery lumens are circular and narrow, while vein lumens are large, irregular, or collapsed

how does artery wall thickness compare to vein wall thickness

arteries have thick walls, whereas veins have thin walls

which layer is thickest in an artery wall

the tunica media (smooth muscle layer)

which layer is thickest in a vein wall

the tunica externa (connective tissue layer)

why do arteries have thicker muscle walls than veins

arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure, while veins carry low-pressure blood

where are epithelial cells located

covering external body surfaces and lining internal organs or ducts open to the outside

where are endothelial cells located

lining the internal closed spaces like blood vessels, lymphatics, and the anterior chamber of the eye

what is the primary function of epithelial cells

protecting underlying tissue, absorbing nutrients, secreting substances, and acting as external barriers

what is the primary function of endothelial cells

regulating blood vessel permeability, controlling blood flow, and forming internal barriers like the bbb