Intro to Speech and Hearing Disorders: Chapter 7 Study Guide

What does the central nervous system include?

The brain and spinal cord.

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Where is Broca's area located and what is its function?

Located in the frontal lobe, responsible for speech production and language expression.

Where is the primary auditory cortex located and what is its function?

Located in the temporal lobe, responsible for processing auditory information.

Where is Wernicke's area located and what is its function?

Located in the temporal lobe, responsible for language comprehension.

Which hemisphere of the brain is most associated with language?

The left hemisphere

What are common impacts of strokes?

Paralysis, speech difficulties, language impairments, cognitive deficits.

What is the difference between closed and open head injuries?

Closed head injuries involve trauma without skull penetration, while open head injuries involve penetration or fractures of the skull.

Name possible causes of neurogenic/neurological disorders.

Stroke, traumatic brain injury, degenerative diseases, tumors, infections

Define dysarthria and describe its characteristics.

A motor speech disorder resulting from muscle weakness or paralysis, causing slurred speech, reduced speech rate, and impaired articulation.

Describe speech characteristics associated with Parkinson's disease

Reduced loudness, monotone speech, breathy voice quality, and articulation difficulties

Describe speech characteristics associated with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).

Progressive muscle weakness, slurred speech, voice changes, and eventual loss of speech abilities

Define apraxia and describe its characteristics.

A motor speech disorder causing difficulty planning and sequencing speech movements, resulting in inconsistent speech errors, groping movements, and disrupted prosody