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These flashcards cover the key vocabulary and concepts related to Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn as discussed in the lecture notes.
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Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)
A condition where maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta and attach to the fetal antigen-positive red blood cells, leading to their destruction.
Pathogenesis of HDFN
Occurs when maternal IgG antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens cross the placenta and lead to hemolysis of fetal red blood cells.
Main clinical feature of HDFN
Fetal anemia resulting in high output cardiac failure and extramedullary hematopoiesis.
ABO Incompatibility
A type of HDFN that is the most common cause today, particularly affecting group O mothers.
Positive DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
Laboratory evidence indicating presence of antibodies coating infant's red blood cells, crucial in diagnosing HDFN.
Treatment for HDFN
Includes phototherapy and exchange transfusion to manage high bilirubin levels and anemia.
Anti-D Immunization
A process in which a Rh-negative mother becomes sensitized by a Rh-positive infant, posing risks in subsequent pregnancies.
Clinical significance of Anti-K antibodies
They can cause severe anemia in the fetus; K antigens are present on immature erythroid precursor cells.
Prenatal Screening for HDFN
Involves typing ABO/Rh and antibody screening during pregnancy to assess risk for HDFN.
Fetal Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT)
A condition where maternal platelet antibodies cause destruction of fetal platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia.
Signs of FNAIT
May include petechiae, ecchymosis, GI bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage in the infant.
Goals of Treatment for FNAIT
To avoid intracranial hemorrhage, including careful monitoring and potential platelet transfusions.