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bloodletting

belief or practice of draining a quantity of blood to cure illness or disease

King John

King of England who raised taxes and punished his enemies without a trial. He is best known for being forced to sign the Magna Carta.

Magna Carta

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons/nobles by King John in 1215

Model Parliament

a governing body created by King Edward I that included some commoners

Bubonic Plague

Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed about a third of the population in Europe

Joan of Arc

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king

Battle of Agincourt

The English again defeated the French using their longbows

Universities

Opportunities to become church official or gov't job

1453

End of the Hundred Years' War and marks the end of the Middle Ages.

1347

The year the plague arrived in Europe

Romanesque

Cathedrals and churches with rounded arches with darker interiors.

usury

the practice of lending money for interest that was sometimes made illegal by the Catholic Church.

Edward III

Believed he was the rightful heir to the French throne

Longbow and Cannon

New weapons technology in 100 Year's War

Henry V of England

helped the English win at the Battle of Agincourt.

1215

the year the Magna Carta was signed

yersinia pestis

the bacteria that causes bubonic plague

pointed arch

the arch that helped make Gothic Cathedrals tall

flying buttress

the supporting arm to a pointed arch

ribbed vault

two intersecting pointed arched which held up the ceiling of a Gothic Cathedral

Guild

A medieval organization of crafts workers or merchants.

Henry II of England

Married Eleanor of Aquitaine and got French land from her. Introduced juries and common law to England

Philip II (Augustus)

King of France, strengthened the power of the Capetian dynasty, reclaimed or conquer land from England in France.

Philip IV of France

Wanted to tax the Catholic Church; expanded the Estates-General to include commoners.