Organs Covered in the Course - Bone

Bone support and protect the rest of your body due to their…..

• high stiffness

• high injury tolerance

Cortical bone

• hard, dense external shell

Trabecular bone consists of

• intersecting struts called trabeculae

Both cortical and trabecular bone have

• calcium component that resists compression

• collagenous component that resists tension

Types of bones

• long

• short

• flat

• irregular

• sesamoid

Long Bone Description

• long tubes with bulbous ends

Long Bone Roles

• provide external leverage

• transmit forces

• produce bone marrow

• places for muscle attachments

Long Bone Examples

• clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna

• femur, tibia, fibula

• phalanges

Short Bone Description and Roles

• cuboid/spheroid

• transmit forces

• offer a multi-articular surface

• places for muscle attachments

Short Bone Examples

• carpals

• tarsals

Flat Bone Description

• broad and thin

• slightly curved

Flat Bone Roles

• protect softer tissues

• places for muscle attachments

Flat Bone Examples

• cranial bones

• sternum, ribs

• scapula

• ilium

Irregular Bone Roles

• protect softer tissues

• places for muscle attachments

Irregular Bone Examples

• vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

• facial bones

Sesamoid Bone Description

• small bone insde tendons

Sesamoid Bone Role

• provide internal leverage for muscles

Sesamoid Bone Example

patella

Types of Openings

• foramen

• meatus

• sinus

Types of Openings - Foramen description and example

• hole for soft tissue

• vertebral foramen

Types of Openings - Meatus description and example

• tube/tunnel-like opening

• internal auditory meatus

Types of Openings - Sinus description and example

• air-filled cavity inside bone

• frontal sinus

Types of Indentations

• fossa

• sulcus

Types of Indentations - Fossa description and example

• rounded depression

• subscapular fossa

Types of Indentation - Sulcus description and example

• trench-like indentation

• inter-tubercular groove

Types of Articulating Projections

• eminence

• condyle

• facet

• head

Types of Articulating Projections - Eminence description and example

• pointed

• tibial eminence

Types of Articulating Projections - Condyle description and example

• knuckle-shaped end

• lateral femoral condyle

Types of Articulating Projections - Facet description and example

• broad, slightly curved surface

• costal facet

Types of Articulating Projections - Head description and example

• spherical end

• femoral head

Types of Linear Attachment Projections

• crest

• line

• spine

Types of Linear Attachment Projections - Crest description and example

• sharpe edge

• iliac crest

Types of Linear Attachment Projections - Line description and example

• less-prominent ridge

• linea aspera

Types of Linear Attachment Projections - Spine description and example

• more prominent ridge

• scapular spine

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections

• epicondyle

• process

• tubercle

• tuberosity

• trochanter

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections - Epicondyle description and example

• projection from a condyle

• lateral femoral epicondyle

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections - Process description and example

• general outgrowth

• coracoid process

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections - Tubercle description and example

• small rounded hill

• greater tubercle

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections - Tuberosity description and example

• bigger rounded hill

• ischial tuberosity

Types of Bumpy Attachment Projections - Trochanter description and example

• biggest rounded hill

• greater trochanter