Exam 2 Flash Cards

What is BDD?

Body Dysmorphia Disorder - A preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance.

What treatments are available for BDD?

Cognitive behavioral therapy, Medications,Plastic Surgery

What are the names of other related OC disorders? Describe what they are.

Anxiety - A future-oriented mood state

Panic Disorder - Experience of unexpected panic attacks

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Vicious cycle o obsessions and compulsions

Define what stress is

They psychological or physiological response to internal or external stressors.

What is the HPA axis?

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal Axis -Activated in times of stress.

What is the fight, flight, or freeze response?

The automatic response your body goes into when danger is ahead.

What is cortisol and why is it important when we talk abut stress?

Cortisol: A hormone that increases the level of energy fuel.

It’s important when we talk about stress because if our stress is happening on a daily basis, our cortisol levels will be higher than it should. This can lead to health problems.

How is stress linked to physical health problems?

Stress can cause the stress hormone to be released into the bloodstream, which reaches your heath and makes your heart beat faster causing your blood pressure to raise. Overtime causing hypertension. This can increase the chances of a heart attack or a stroke.

How is sleep important when we talk about stress and reducing risk for physical and mental health problems?

We are more at rick for getting illnesses when we don’t get enough rest.

How might you manage stress?

Breathing exercises and grounding techniques

How might you assess for a trauma related disorder?

Semi-structure and structured interviews and symptom questionnaires.

Describe the main features of Acute Stress Disorder.

1.) Intrusion - Involuntary distressing memories

2.) Negative mood - Inability to experience happiness

3.) Dissociative symptoms - Inability to remember

4.) Avoidance symptoms - Avoiding people

5.) Arousal symptoms - Sleep disturbance

How might you differentiate between Acute Stress Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?

Acute Stress Disorder occurs from trauma of another person and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder occurs from being exposed to your own trauma.

Describe the main features of Posy Traumatic Stress Disorder

1.) Exposure to death

2.) Serious injury

3.) Sexual violation

What are the causes of PTSD?

1.) The intensity of the trauma and one’s reaction to it

2.) Learned alarms direct conditioning and observational learning

3.) Uncontrollability and Unpredictability

What is one important aspect of PTSD that is related to both causes and treatment.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Who is at risk from developing PTSD?

1.) First responders

2.) Doctors

What types of trauma could lead to PTSD?

Car Accidents, Deaths, Disasters, Violence

What are the recommended treatments for PTSD?

1.) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

2.) Cognitive Processing Therapy

3.) Medications

What are two new Unipolar Disorders in the DSM-5?

1.) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Women having mental or psychological disorder while on their periods

2.) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder - Severe temper outburst occurring frequently, against a backdrop of angry or irritable mood.

What mood disorders are considered Unipolar vs. Bipolar?

1.) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2.) Disruptive Mood Dysregualtion Disorder

3.) Seasonal Affective Disorder

4.) Postpartum Depression

Describe the differences between MDD and PDD

Persistent Depressive Disorder lasts at least 2 years and you’re depressed 50% or more

Major Depressive Disorder are one or more depressive episodes separated by periods and are reoccurring episodes

What did the DSM-5 change in regulars to grief/ and bereavement and Major Depressive Disorder? What are the potential pros and cons of this change?

They added “Prolonged grief disorder” and removed the “Bereavement exclusion”

Pros: No longer excludes grief

Cons: May lead to over-diagnoses

What are the other disorders discussed as new unipolar disorders?

1.) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2.) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

What is the difference between Mania and Hypomania?

Mania is elevated, expansive mood for at least 1 week.

Hypomania is shorter and less severe version of manic episodes.

What are the differences between bipolar I and bipolar II, and Cyclothymic disorder?

Bipolar I - Alternates between full Manic episodes and Major depressive episodes

Bipolar II - Alternates between Major Depressive and Hypomanic episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder - Chronic versions of Bipolar Disorder, Alternating between periods of mild depressive symptoms + Hypomanic symptoms

What are the underlying causes of Mood Disorders?

1.) Genetics - Family studies, Twin studies

2.) Neurobiology/Psychophysiology - Neurotransmitter systems, the endocrine system and sleep disturbance

3.) Environmental/ Developmental - Changes in brain development and hormonal changes from puberty

4.) Cognitive/ Behavioral - Negative coping styles, Types of cognitive error, Cognitive errors and depressive cognitive triad

What are the different treatments from Mood Disorders and Bipolar Disorders?

Psychopharmacology (SSRIs), Psychophysiology (ECT), Psychosocial (CBT)