Philosophy, Methods of Philosophizing, Embodied Human Person, Environmental Philosophy, and Finance

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering Philosophy basics, Truth Theories, Logical Fallacies, Human Embodiment, Environmental Philosophy, and Finance.

Philosophy

Derived from the Greek words 'Philos' (Love) and 'Sophia' (Wisdom), meaning the love of wisdom.

Socratic Method

A way of finding the truth through question and answer, attributed to Socrates.

Docta Ignorantia

True knowing; to know that you do not know, and being willing to truly know once that is recognized.

Point of View

How one perceives reality or a phenomenon.

Partial Point of View

A perspective focusing on one component of a whole, which can be personally biased.

Holistic Point of View

A perspective originating from the Greek word 'holos' (all, totality, entirety) that takes into consideration other possible causal factors.

Swirl of Distractions

Getting set off-track from what we need to do or focus on.

Insight

A deeper understanding or realization of something.

Truth

That which states reality using unbiased words and has a reasonable measure of correctness of an idea.

Opinion

A judgment, viewpoint, or person's belief that lacks evidence and can be biased.

Correspondence Theory

A theory stating that something is true if it corresponds to reality.

Coherence Theory

A theory stating that a statement is true due to a degree of consistency or repetition within a system.

Constructivist Theory

The idea that people build truth from their own experiences, culture, and history.

Consensus Theory

A theory that knowledge or truth is based on agreement among people.

Pragmatic Theory

A theory holding that an idea or statement is true if it can be put into practice or is useful in reality.

Evidence

A body of facts or information indicating that an idea is true or valid.

Proof

An argument establishing or making a truth or fact.

Personal Attack (ad hominem attack)

A fallacy that criticizes the person presenting an argument rather than addressing the fact or argument itself.

Appeal to Force

A fallacy that uses force or threats to gain acceptance of an argument.

Argumentum ad Populum

A fallacy asserting that something is true simply because many or most people say so.

Appeal to Tradition

A fallacy asserting that an action should be done because it is currently done and was always done.

Circular Reasoning

A fallacy that uses the conclusion as a reason to prove that same conclusion.

Fake Cause

A fallacy assuming that because two things happened together, one must have caused the other.

Fallacy of Composition

A fallacy inferring that because some parts of a whole are true, the whole itself must be true (part to whole).

Fallacy of Division

A fallacy inferring that because the whole is true, every individual part must also be true (whole to part).

Transcendence

Rising or going above expectations and certain limits.

Bodily Being

The aspect of human existence meaning that through our body, we have inherent limitations.

Concept of Dread

The philosophical concept that man is simply thrown into the world.

Concept of Death

The concept that human physical existence will end in death.

Reason

Using the ability to think to understand ourselves and the world; serves as an instrument that realizes bodily limits and possibilities.

Embodied Spirit

The concept that humans are composed of body and spirit, reflecting our total subjective being including feelings, emotions, and decisions.

Self-awareness

A clear perception of oneself, including thoughts, emotions, and identity.

Externality

The ability of a human person to connect and interact with others.

Interiority

The quality of directing our own lives, where every choice made carries consequences.

Environmental Philosophy

The branch of philosophy that studies the relationship between humans and the environment.

Anthropocentrism

The view that humans are the most important beings on Earth, where nature is valued primarily for its usefulness to humans.

Environmentalism

The practice and movement aimed at protecting and caring for nature and the environment.

Formal Effort

Organized and intentional action taken toward environmental protection.

Radical Effort

Protest-based environmental action that criticizes the government.

Individual Effort

An individual's personal action to care for and protect the environment.

Environmental Ethics

Knowing right or wrong regarding actions affecting the environment, recognizing its intrinsic value.

Social Ecology

The view that social problems and environmental problems are connected, suggesting that improving society will improve the environment.

Prudence

Choosing the best option by considering long-term effects on the environment.

Frugality

Knowing how to use less and waste less in the short term.

Finance

The science and art of managing money, covering how money is raised, allocated, spent, saved, and invested.