Unit 1: Translation Overview

Code of ethics is a written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its _____ _____ and _____ _____.

primary values

ethical standards

Code of ethics is a written set of guidelines issued by a/an _______ to its _______ and ______to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards.

organization

workers

management

The _____ is the beginning of the Christian era at which many languages, most important among them Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin, interacted to create the new Christian civilization and the transformed Judaic civilization.

first

The _____ begins with the birth of Islam in the 7th century, and culminates in the 12th and 13th centuries, notably in the city of Tolero.

second

The _____ key period is today. All the major civilizations of the world are at present in a state of flux.

third

A good translator needs good skills in his/her _____ ______, background knowledge, and topical-technical knowledge

native language

A good translator needs good skills in his/her native language, _____ _____, and topical-technical knowledge

background knowledge

A good translator needs good skills in his/her native language, background knowledge, and ______ _______

topical-technical knowledge

The role of a code of ethics for a profession is to safeguard the ____ of its clients

welfare

The role of a code of ethics for a profession is to ensure that the professional activities of its members are of ______ ______

high standard

The role of a code of ethics for a profession is to ensure that the profession has a _____ _____ in the eyes of society

high status

The role of a code of ethics for a profession is to have standards to base on in cases of _____ _____ or ________

professional negligence

malpractice

The AUSIT Code of Ethics defines the ______ and _______ guiding the decisions interpreting and translating professionals make in practice.

values

principles

The related Code of Conduct and Conduct issues specific to translators anf interpreters provide a framework fot interpreting and translating professionals to use when exercising _____ in their practice

judgement

Ethical interpreting and translating practice requires ______ and balanced ______ in context.

judgement

decision-making

Interpreters and translation maintain ______ and do not disclose information acquired in the course or their work

confidentiality

Interpreters and translators only undertake work they are _____ to perform in the language for which they are professionally qualified through training and credentials.

competent

Interpreters and translators only undertake work they are competent to perform in the language for which they are professionally qualified through _______ and _______.

training

credentials

The history of the Judeo-Christian-Islamic world is defined by three key periods characterized by a high level of activity in the ........................

field of translation

During the first key period, languages like Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin interacted to create the ........................ and transformed Judaic civilization.

new Christian civilization

In the city of Toledo, scholars undertook the task of translating Greek and Arabic classics, providing the bridge to the Renaissance and the ........................

modern world

Today, all the major civilizations are in a ..................., and translation has taken on a new significance.

state of flux

One of the earliest dictionaries was discovered by Italian archeologists in the ancient town of ..........

Elba

The ancient dictionary found in Ebla dates back to the ............................................, between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago.

dawn of civilization

The early dictionary in Ebla was chiseled in clay tablets using a writing method known as ............................................

cuneiform

The two parallel columns of words found on the Ebla tablets were related to ............................................

taxation

Globalization in Vietnam has generated a high demand for ............................................ in different fields.

foreign language skill

Translation in Vietnam has not become a formal profession due to the lack of ................ and .............

formal standards

professional associations

Interpreters and translators observe ............................................ in all professional contacts and remain unbiased.

impartiality

Practitioners are not responsible for what the parties communicate, only for ............................................ transfer of the message.

complete and accurate

Accuracy means optimal and complete message transfer without ............................................

omission or distortion

In Accuracy, interpreters and translators use their best professional judgement in remaining ............................................ at all times to the meaning of texts and messages.

faithful

Practitioners commit themselves to ............................................, recognizing that services and practices evolve over time.

lifelong learning

In G5, interpreters and translators continue to develop their ..................... and ..............

professional knowledge

skilss

Translators must keep up to date with the ............................................ pertinent to their practice to provide quality service.

technological advances

Practicioners working in languages where there is no standard training or credential may need to assess, maintain anf update their standards ...............

independently

In G6, practitioners have a loyalty to the profession that extends beyond their .....................

individual interest

Interpreters and translators respect and support their fellow professionals, and they uphold the ........... and .......... of the profession of interpreting and translating.

reputation

trustworthiness

Before starting work, translators must ascertain the ............................................ and the form of delivery required.

intended purpose

Translators should treat reference material from clients ............................................ or as expressly agreed.

confidentially

A translator is not responsible for ............................................ caused by the client withholding crucial reference texts.

inadequacies

Translators should treat reference material from clients confidentially or as .............................................

expressly agreed

Translators work only from source languages and into target languages in which they are .............................................

qualified

Translators only perform work which they believe is within their ............................................. and relevant specialist competence

translation competence

Translators only perform work for which they have the necessary resources, ................................, level of understanding, and fluency.

transfer abilities

Translators only perform work which will be revised by a person with the relevant ............................................. or ..............................................

knowledge

competence

Translators only perform work which they believe is within their translation competence and relevant .............................................

specialist competence

Work outside a translator's immediate competence may be performed if it will be ................................ by a person with the relevant knowledge and competence.

revised

Translators must apply ................................ to bring particular source text elements to the attention of the client.

professional judgment

An exception to reporting source text errors is when the document is required to be an ................................ of all source text content.

exact reproduction

Translators should flag wording or references that would jeopardize achieving the ................................ of the text.

purpose

A translator contracted by an agency must not ................................ of the agency directly.

contact the client

If contacted by the client of an agency directly, the translator must follow the ................................ with the agency.

procedures agreed

In T8, translators may ................................ only to practitioners who possess the necessary competence and resources.

sub-contract work

Practitioners who are sub-contracted must adhere to the ................................ and Code of Conduct.

Code of Ethics

The responsibility for the translated text rests with the translator who ................................ the work, unless otherwise agreed.

sub-contracted

When a translation is subject to checking by another person, the revision is returned to the original translator for .................................

approval and finalization

After beig revised and checked by another translator, the revision is returned to the ................................. for approval and finalization.

original translator

If changes are made to the text after delivery without the translator's ................................, they are no longer responsible for it.

agreement and knowledge

If changes are made to the text after delivery without the translator's agreement and knowledge, they are no longer ................................ for it.

responsible

The ................................ of UNESCO provides principles on the Legal Protection of Translators and Translations.

Nairobi Recommendation

In addition to UNESCO recommendations, professional translators should follow the ................................ available on the FIT website.

FIT Translator's Charter