Bone Growth and Repair Notes

Intramembranous ossification forms most of the __________ and the __________ bones.

skull; clavicle

Endochondral ossification is when bone forms by replacing ____________________.

hyaline cartilage

The most important hormone in stimulating epiphyseal plate activity in infancy and childhood is ____________ hormone.

growth

____________ hormone modulates the activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper proportions.

Thyroid

The process of __________ occurs when the epiphysis and diaphysis fuse.

epiphyseal plate closure

Growth in width, or thickness, occurs through ______________ growth due to deposition of bone matrix by osteoblasts beneath the _____________.

appositional; periosteum

Immediately after the bone breaks, the torn blood vessels form a mass of _______________ called a hematoma.

clotted blood

Fibroblasts secrete ________________ fibres to connect the broken ends after a fracture.

collagen

Within one week, new trabeculae appear in the fibrocartilaginous callus, which is converted to a bony (hard) callus of ___________ bone.

spongy

Bone remodeling may take __________ to __________ years to complete after a fracture.

3; 5

Intramembranous ossification is the process of bone development from _________ membranes, primarily forming the skull and clavicle.

fibrous

Endochondral ossification is the process where bone forms by replacing _________ cartilage, typically occurring in long bones.

hyaline

Intramembranous ossification occurs directly within a _________ membrane, while endochondral ossification involves a cartilage model that is later replaced by bone.

fibrous

Long bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal plates where new _________ is formed, which then ossifies, allowing the bone to elongate.

cartilage

Immediately after a fracture, a __________ forms from torn blood vessels, followed by fibroblasts secreting collagen fibers to connect broken ends.

hematoma

Within one week of a fracture, new __________ appear in the fibrocartilaginous callus, which is gradually converted to a bony (hard) callus of spongy bone.

trabeculae