Chem - Lecture 7: Chemical Reactivity

What is a Metathesis reaction?

Exchange or combination of ions, atom, or molecules driven by the removal of ion from an electrolyte solution.

How do you remove ion from an electrolyte solution?

Formation of a precipitate, gas, and weak electrolyte.

What are the solubility rules?

1) Most compounds in group 1A are soluble

2) Salts with NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, ClO₄^-, and OAc^- are soluble

3) All Cl^-, Br^-, and I^- salts are soluble except Ag⁺, Pb²⁺

4) All sulfates are soluble except Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

5) All OH^- and O^2- salts are insoluble except Group IA, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺

6) All PO₄^3-, CO₃^2-, SO₃^2-, and S^2- are insoluble, except Group IA and NH₄⁺ salts.

What does an acid produce in water and what does a base produce in water?

What do they both form?

Acid: H⁺

Base: OH^-

Both: H₂O

What is a Redox Reaction?

What is Oxidation & what is Reduction?

Reactions involving transfers of electrons from one atom to another.

Oxidation: Loss of electrons

Reduction: Gain of electrons

What are the rules for assigning oxidation states (numbers)?

1) Oxidation number equals the charge

2) Oxidation number of a free element is 0

3) Oxidation number of an element when not combined with a different element is 0 (N₂, P₄, ect)

4)

What happens to oxidation states in Metathesis reactions?

No atom changes it’s oxidation state.

In an acid solution, how do you balance the Redox Equation?

1) Write the 2 half equations, ignore H & O

2) Balance other atoms than H & O

3) Balance O atoms by adding H₂O on side that needs O atoms

4) Balance H atoms by adding H⁺ on side that needs H atoms

5) Balance charges by adding electrons

6) Electrons gained = electrons lost (make electrons the same on both half equations)

7) Sum the 2 half equations

8) Cancel out same on both sides