Animal & Plant Cells

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms?

The cell.

Organisms can be classified as __________ or __________.

unicellular; multicellular.

How many cells do humans contain on average?

About 10 trillion cells.

What is the outer lining of the cell called?

The plasma membrane.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It acts as a protective coat and a selective barrier.

What does the cytoskeleton provide to the cell?

Structure, mechanical support, and helps maintain shape.

What is found within the cytoplasm of a cell?

Dissolved nutrients and waste products.

What is the function of the nucleus?

To house the cell’s DNA and control all cell activities.

What is the network of tubes and pockets within the cell called?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

To produce proteins.

What role do mitochondria play in the cell?

They generate energy by breaking down molecules and produce ATP.

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

Packaging proteins and processing materials for removal from the cell.

What is a vesicle?

A bubble within a cell that varies in function according to the type of substance it contains.

What is a vacuole primarily filled with?

Water.

What chemicals do lysosomes contain?

Special chemicals for breaking down substances.

What are centrioles and their role in the cell?

Short, cylindrical structures that play an important role in mitosis.

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

To provide structure, mechanical support, and help maintain the shape of the cell.