UIOWA Human Anatomy exam 2

skeletal system

bones

structures of the skeletal system

• bone

• cartilage

• ligaments

• other supportive connective tissue

functions of the skeletal system

• framework for the body

• support body work

• attachment point for muscles that allows movement

• storage reservoir (Ca2+, Phosphorus)

Cartilage

a connective tissue that is more flexible and resilient than bone

Chondroblasts

cartilage forming cells

Chondrocytes

mature cartilage tissue that occupies small spaces called lacunae and does not have vasculature

Hyaline cartilage

• shiny or glassy appearance

• in the middle as far as flexibility

• ex: the tip of the nose

Fibrocartilage

• rigid and strong

• ex: the vertebral discs

Elastic cartilage

• most flexible of the three types

• ex: the outer structure of the ear

Functions of cartilage

• support the soft tissues

• gliding surface of joints

• precursor model for bone growth

Interstitial growth

growth from within (a long bones growth in length)

Appositional growth

growth from the outside (a bone’s growth in diameter)

Functions of bones

• structural support

• protection for the delicate organs

• attachment point for muscle

• hemopoiesis

• mineral and energy reserves

Long bone

• longer than they are wide

• ex: femur

Short bone

• roughly about as wide as they are tall

• include a special type called sesamoid bone

Sesamoid bone

• bone formed in a tendon over a joint

• ex: the patella (kneecap)

Flat bone

• very broad and thin bones

• ex: the sternum

Irregular bone

• bones that do not fit into the other categories

• unique in shape

• ex: vertebrae

Regions of long bone

• Diaphysis

• Epiphysis

• Metaphysis

Diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone that includes the meduMesallary cavity

Meduallary cavity

the space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone marrow

Epiphysis

the ends of long bone that are covered and protected by articular cartilage

Articular

joint

Metaphysis

growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone

Periosteum

Lines the outside of the bone except where articular cartilage is