unit 1 test anatomy and phisiology

homeostatsis

the tendency of the body to maintain internal stability

homeostatsis

controlled by negative feedback

response that restore balance

stimulus - sensor - control - center - effector

cells

basic unit of structure and function of body

tissues

groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function

organs

composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a larger function

structural organization of the body

atoms - molecules - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism

4 most common elements in the human body

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

ionic bonds

transfer

covalent bonds

share

hydrogen bonds

weak bonds

how water is vital to life

high heat capacity prevents sudden temperature changes

how water is vital to life

an excellent solvent

how water is vital to life

important reactant in many chemical reactions in the body

how water is vital to life

serves as protective cushion around organs such as brain

feature of organic compound

carbon based

feature of organic compound

relatively large

feature of organic compound

covalently-bonded

4 groups of organic compounds

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

type of lipid

triglycerides - dietary fats; saturated or unsaturated

type of lipid

phospholipids - found in cell membranes

type of lipid

steroids - cholesterol is the most important; found in cell membranes, needed for hormones and vitamin D production

category of protein

fibrous or structural

category of protein

globular or functional

enzymes

functional proteins that act as biological catalysts

types of nucleic acids

dna, rna, atp

interstitial fluid

a dilute saltwater solution surrounding cells

epithelial tissue

covering, lining, glandular tissue

epithelial tissue

apical surface - free, unattached, may be modified

epithelial tissue

basement membrane - lower surface rests on the basement membrane

epithelial tissue

avascular - no blood supply

epithelial tissue classification

shape and number of layers

one layer of cell

simple

two or more layers of cell

stratified

flat shape of cell

squamous

cube, box shape of cell

cuboidal

tall, narrow shape of cell

columnar

functions of connective tissue

protecting, supporting, and binding together

connective tissue

most common tissue type

connective tissue

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood

muscle tissue

highly specialized to contract or shorten to produce movement

fibers

muscle cells of contractile proteins

muscle tissue

skeletal - attached to bones

muscle tissue

cardiac - only in the heart

muscle tissue

smooth - found in internal organs

nervous tissue

receive and conduct electrochemical impulses

nervous tissue

easily stimulated

nervous tissue

conducts impulses very rapidly

neurons

nerve cells

dendrites

end of neuron that nerve signals are received by

axons

long thin fibers that transmit signals away from the cell body

neuroglia

insulate, support, and protect delicate neurons

tissue repair method

regeneration

tissue repair method

fibrosis

carbon

element found in all organic compounds

polysaccharides

type of carbohydrate composed of long chains of sugar molecules

oxygen

most abundant element in the body

glucose

preferred energy sources of the body

cilia

hair-like projections that propel body fluids

muscle tissue

may be voluntary or involuntary

connective tissue

composed of cells in a non-living matrix

epithelial tissue

cells fit closely together to form sheets

nervous tissue

characteristics include irritability and conductivity