Biomedical ethics exam 2

Thomsons argument

a fetus’s right to life is stronger then another persons right to bodily autonomy,

violinist

unplugging yourself from the violinist may not be performed even if it infringes on your right to bodily autonomy

don marquis argument

he says why abortion is impermissible without appealing to the case of that a fetus is a person, Killing an innocent person is wrong because it deprives them of a future
of value

Flanigan

it can be morally wrong to refuse vaccination in some cases, and it can be permissible to make laws in some cases

Stray bullet analogy 

they are doing something wrong because it imposes harm on others

4 necessary conditions for vaccinations

1. it prevents a contagious disease

2. those who are exposed to the risks don’t make themselves liable

3. effective at limiting the contagiousness

4. doens’t limit rights of self defense or defense of others

Flanigans 4 policy proposals

1. exclusion from public services (public schools, and transportation)

2. employment restrictions (healthcare and food service)

3. Fines (pay for doctor visits and funeral costs)

4. liability (liable for damages caused by them not being vaccinated)

rights of religious beliefs and bodily integrity

not a valid excuse, if it puts others at harm or risk

the exploitation objection

the poor will be exploited by the rich, only the poor will be willing to donate, and only the rich will be able to purchase

the risk objection

the person selling will be at an increased health risk

the fairness objection 

the poor won’t be allowed to afford them so it is unfair 

the motivation objection

Legalizing the sale of kidneys should be prohibiting because the only permissible
motivation for giving up one’s kidneys must be altruistic in nature

the economic argument

If a transaction results in an outcome that is preferred by both parties, and, does not affect anyone else in a legitimately problematic way, then it should be legally permitted

the libertarian argument

selling your own kidney does not affect or harm anyone else

free competitive market

Anyone can sell their kidneys to anyone else who wants to buy it

a competitive market for kidneys

anyone can sell their kidneys, but not everyone can buy onemo

competitive Market for futures only

Anyone can sell their kidneys to anyone else who wants to buy it, but the kidneys are only transferred after the seller’s death

matching in kind exchanges

Anyone can donate their kidney, but cannot receive anything in return except for an in-kind exchange (i.e., another kidney or voucher for one in the future).

altruistic donation

Anyone can donate their kidney, but they cannot receive anything in return except for medical care related to their donation.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

A disorder where individuals believe that parts of their body are diseased Apotemnophilia
or exceedingly ugly (similar perhaps to anorexia nervosa).

Apotemnophilia

A disorder where individuals are sexually attracted to amputees or being an amputee.

Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID)

disorder where individuals have a mismatch between their physical body and their mental Image of their body (similar perhaps to gender
dysphoria).

The Harm Minimization Argument

Adopting a policy that allows for elective amputations will not increase the number of elective amputations, and, it will allow
elective amputations to be done in a safer manner.

the autonomy argument

f it is permissible (or even obligatory) to respect informed and autonomous rejections of life saving treatment, it is also permissible to act on informed and autonomous requests for the amputation of a healthy limb.

the therapy argument

We should allow individuals who are suffering to take the necessary means to alleviate that suffering so long as the benefits outweigh the costs

Memory Enhancement Technology

interventions that allow us to improve our memory capacity (short or long term) as well as perhaps increasing their vividness or intensity.

Memory Editing Technology

Interventions that allow us to eliminate, change, or replace our memories as well as perhaps reducing their vividness or intensity.

The Wholeheartedness Account

The Wholeheartedness Account requires that one’s second-order desires endorse one’s first-order desires in order for them to be fully authentic.

The Existentialist Account

our first and second order desires align, but that we also recognize that we are the source of our desires rather than some external source

The True Self Account

Accurately presenting key features of your narrative identity toothers rather than pretending to be different from who you really
are, and
Refusing to change some of those features in circumstances where it might be tempting to do so.