Enlightenment Study Guide

Natural Laws

The laws that you are born with and can’t be taken away, basic human rights

Social Contract

An agreement between the people and the government stating that the people have to give up some of their freedoms in order to be protected by the government

Enlightened Depots

A ruler (Absolute Monark) that had enlightened ideas and also ruled using them

Censorship

Limiting or controlling what people say/write

Laissez-Faire

The enlightened idea that the government should not interfere with business and economics

Philosophes

The term for people who had enlightened ideas

Scientific Method

The process scientists used to study and understand the natural wordld

Separation of powers

the idea that the governmental powers should be split between different branches

Salon

A place were different philosphes discussed enlightened ideas

The role of women in the enlightenment

The woman did have natural rights but they mostly only applied in the home

How the Us uses the enlightenment ideas

Us Constitution (separation of powers) Bill of rights( natural rights)

Enlightenment Depot reforms

freeing surfs, abolishing death penalty, religious tolerance, improved education

Thomas Hobbs

People were cruel, people entered a social contract with the government, absolute monarchy was best

John Locke

People were good, natural rights, didn’t like absolute monarchy, people can over through the gov if their natural rights are not being protected, representative government

Jean-Jacques

Social contract, general will should direct the state of the common good, general will could not be elected by representatives, believed in direct democracy

Voltaire

Candide, strong belief in religious toleration, criticized Christianity, Deism: Religious philosophy based on natural law, believed in freedom of expression, speech, religion and press

Montesquieu

Separation of power, influenced the us constitution

Adam Smith

Capitalism, gov should not interfere with business leads to balanced market place, supply and demand

Diderot

Salons, angered the French gov, helped spread the enlightenment, the encyclopedia

Beccaria

Crime and punishment, punishment should not be excessive or brutal, opposed capital punishment

Mary Wollstonecraft

Woman are equal to men and should have the same education rights to learning as they do, women should join male dominated fields