Tudors 1-19

22 August 1485

The date Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, became king after the Battle of Bosworth.

14

The implied age since Henry Tudor had lived abroad (as a Lancastrian in danger of being killed after 1471).

3 September 1485

The date Henry Tudor met with the Lord Mayor of London.

4

The number of kings in the last 100 years who had met an untimely end, illustrating Henry's need to consolidate power.

100

The number of years referenced when noting that 4 kings had met an untimely end.

21 August 1485

The date Henry Tudor backdated his reign from (before the Battle of Bosworth) to legally designate Yorkists who fought against him as traitors.

11

The number of knighthoods Henry Tudor conferred to key supporters publicly as a reward.

30 October

The date Henry Tudor arranged for his coronation to take place.

7 November 1485

The date of Henry Tudor's First Parliament.

January 1486

The month Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York.

September 1486

The month of the birth of Prince Arthur.

1471

The year after which Henry Tudor, as a Lancastrian, was in danger of being killed.

1486

The year of the minor rising against Henry led by Francis, Viscount Lovell and Humphrey Stafford.

easter 1486

The specific time of the minor rising against Henry led by Viscount Lovell and Humphrey Stafford.

May 1487

The month the figurehead Lambert Simnel was crowned as King Edward in Ireland.

1487

The year of the Battle of Stoke Field.

1491

The year Perkin Warbeck began to impersonate Richard, Duke of York, in Ireland.

1492

The year Perkin Warbeck appeared at the court of Charles VIII in France.

1495

The year of Perkin Warbeck’s first attempt to land in England, after which he fled to the court of James IV of Scotland.

1496

The year a small Scottish force crossed the border on Warbeck’s behalf.

1497

The year of the Cornish Rebellion that Warbeck exploited, after which Warbeck surrendered to the king.

1499

The year Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick were both tried and executed for treason.

1498

The year Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, fled to Flanders.

1501

The year Edmund de la Pole fled again (after a short, persuasive return).

1506

The year of the Treaty of Windsor, where Emperor Maximilian agreed to give up Suffolk to Henry.

1513

The year Henry VIII executed Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, for treason.

1525

The year Richard de la Pole (nicknamed "the white rose") was killed fighting for the French forces at the Battle of Pavia.

227

The approximate number of men recorded who attended the King's Council during Henry VII's reign.

6/7

The typical number of members in Henry VII's smaller, working council.

second

The reign of Edward IV (from 1471) during which laymen/lawyers had played a key role in administration, a trend continuing under Henry VII.

1471

The year from which the second reign of Edward IV is counted, noting the increasing role of lawyers in administration.

2

The number of places the council sometimes met simultaneously when dealing with administrative concerns separate from the King.

5

The total number of times the Great Council met during Henry VII's reign.

second half

The period of Henry VII's reign during which the Council Learned developed (first under Bray's leadership).

1503

The year of the death of Sir Reginald Bray, after which Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley took over leadership of the Council Learned.

1495

The year a blow was dealt to Henry VII's chamber when Sir William Stanley was involved in the Perkin Warbeck plot, leading to the creation of the Privy Chamber.

thirteenth

The century since which Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords) had existed.

2 MPs per county

The representation allocated in Parliament's House of Commons.

2 MPs per borough

The representation allocated in Parliament's House of Commons.

forty-shilling

The minimum value of property ('forty-shilling freeholders') required for men to have the right to vote in counties for Parliament.

7

The total number of Parliaments Henry VII had during his reign.

5

The number of Parliaments Henry VII held in the first 10 years of his reign.

10

The number of years during which Henry VII held 5 of his 7 parliaments.

2

The number of Parliaments Henry VII held in the last 14 years of his reign.

14

The number of years referenced when noting that Henry VII held 2 parliaments.

first 2

The initial Parliaments that passed Acts of Attainder.

£203,000

The amount of extraordinary revenue Henry VII raised for war (though the final parliament limited this).

10

The number of years the Yorkist Earl of Surrey proved his loyalty and gave effective service in the North after being released from imprisonment.

4

The number of times per year the Justices of the Peace (JPs) met to administer justice through quarter sessions.

£1.8 million

The 'vast amount of money' Francis Bacon (1621) claimed Henry VII left to his son.

1621

The year Francis Bacon wrote about the money Henry VII supposedly left to his son.

£104,800

The amount of royal income per year John Guy estimates Henry VII received in 1502-05.

1502-05

The period during which Henry VII received an estimated £104,800 per year in royal income.

£113,000

The amount of royal income per year Henry VII was receiving by 1509.

1509

The year by which Henry VII's annual royal income had increased to £113,000.

1491

The year Henry VII was granted a benevolence by a Great Council (because he was forced to borrow money).

£12,000

The approximate annual income from Crown lands at the beginning of Henry VII's reign (because it was collected by the inefficient Court of Exchequer).

1492

The year Henry VII reverted to Edward IV's system of administration through the Chamber for collecting Crown lands income.

£42,000

The approximate annual income from Crown lands at the end of Henry VII's reign.

1504

The year Parliament granted feudal aid (tax on tenants for knighting of eldest son/marriage of eldest daughter/ransom of lord).

1489

The year of the Statute of Uses, which was passed to cut out the loophole of turning estates into trusts to prevent taxation.

£34,000

The beginning amount of customs revenue (tonnage and poundage) per year, which saw a small increase over the reign.

£38,000

The final amount of customs revenue (tonnage and poundage) per year, after a small increase over the reign.

1492

The year the French agreed to pay Henry VII a pension of £5,000 a year (Treaty of Étaples).

£5,000

The amount of the annual pension the French agreed to pay Henry VII starting in 1492.

1504-07

The period in which £200,000 was promised to the King from fines and income from bonds (profits of justice), though not all was collected.

£200,000

The amount promised to the King from profits of justice (fines and bonds) between 1504-07.

£400,000

The amount Henry VII received from Extraordinary Revenue during his reign, which provoked rebellions in 1489 and 1497.

1489

The year of one of the rebellions provoked by Henry VII's use of extraordinary revenue.

1497

The year of one of the rebellions provoked by Henry VII's use of extraordinary revenue.

1504

The year Henry VII had to promise Parliament not to raise more money by extraordinary revenue.

£300,000

The value of plate and jewels Henry VII left to his son (Henry VIII).

£10,000

The amount of cash Henry VII left to his son (Henry VIII).

37

The number of Knights of the Garter Henry VII created (as a form of patronage).

5

The total number of meetings of the Great Council, including the meeting in 1496.

1496

The year the Great Council met (one of 5 times) to grant a loan of £120,000 for the war in Scotland.

£120,000

The amount of the loan granted by the Great Council in 1496 for the war in Scotland.

£1000

The amount of the recognizance the Marquis of Dorset was forced to give (in addition to putting all but two manors into trust).

£7000

The fine the Duchess Katherine of Buckingham was forced to pay for marrying without the King’s licence (feudal dues).

1485

The year Lords and Commons had to swear they would not retain illegally (part of the policy against retaining).

1504

The year a penalty of £5 a month was introduced for illegal retaining.

£5

The amount of the monthly penalty imposed in 1504 for illegal retaining.

5

The number of times more the Crown land was estimated to be at the end of Henry VII's reign compared to Henry VI's reign.

1487

The year of the invasion of Brittany by France, which Henry feared would give France complete control.

1489

The year Henry summoned Parliament to grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French (Brittany Crisis).

February 1489

The month and year England and Brittany signed the Treaty of Redon.

1492

The year Henry launched an invasion of France (late in the campaign season) after Anne of Brittany married Charles VIII.

November 1492

The month and year Henry signed the Treaty of Etaples with Charles VIII.

1493

The year Maximilian became Holy Roman Emperor.

1494

The year Maximilian passed control of the Netherlands to his son, Philip.

1496

The year Henry and Philip agreed to the Intercursus Magnus, which ended the trade embargo with Burgundy.

1504

The year of the death of Isabella, Queen of Castile, which led to the Treaty of Windsor.

1489

The year England and Spain signed the Treaty of Medina del Campo.

1400

The year the details of the marriage between Arthur (Henry VII's son) and Catherine (Ferdinand and Isabella's daughter) were agreed.

1501

The year the marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon took place.

1502

The year Prince Arthur died.

1504

The year Henry VII lost enthusiasm for the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine because Ferdinand was a less significant political figure.

1506

The year Juana and Philip were shipwrecked in England, leading to the Treaty of Windsor.

1485-95

The period described as having tense Anglo-Scottish relations.

1495-98

The period when King James IV came of age and offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck (starting in 1495).