Video 2 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance

Which pathway converts glucose into glycogen?

A. Glycolysis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Glycogenolysis

C

Glycogenesis primarily occurs:

A. When blood glucose is high

B. During starvation

C. During exercise only

D. When glycogen stores are depleted

A

Where is glycogen primarily stored?

A. Brain and kidneys

B. Liver and skeletal muscle

C. Heart and lungs

D. Pancreas and spleen

B

Which pathway breaks glycogen into glucose?

A. Glycolysis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Glycogenolysis

D

Glycogenolysis occurs primarily when:

A. Blood glucose is high

B. Blood glucose is low

C. After a large meal

D. During protein synthesis

B

Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from:

A. Glycogen only

B. Carbohydrates

C. Non-carbohydrate sources

D. ATP

C

Which of the following can be used during gluconeogenesis?

A. Amino acids

B. Glycerol

C. Both A and B

D. Glycogen

C

The primary purpose of gluconeogenesis is to:

A. Store glucose

B. Prevent hypoglycemia

C. Produce glycogen

D. Digest carbohydrates

B

Which pathway begins with glucose and ends with pyruvate?

A. Glycogenolysis

B. Glycolysis

C. Lipogenesis

D. Beta oxidation

B

Which pathway stores excess glucose?

A. Glycolysis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Lipolysis

C

Fats provide approximately:

A. 2 kcal/g

B. 4 kcal/g

C. 7 kcal/g

D. 9 kcal/g

D

The monomers of triglycerides are:

A. Amino acids

B. Fatty acids and glycerol

C. Glucose

D. Cholesterol

B

Products of fat digestion are transported primarily in:

A. Blood plasma only

B. Chylomicrons

C. Red blood cells

D. Platelets

B

Chylomicrons first enter the:

A. Hepatic portal vein

B. Lacteals

C. Inferior vena cava

D. Hepatic artery

B

Which pathway forms triglycerides?

A. Lipolysis

B. Beta oxidation

C. Lipogenesis

D. Glycolysis

C

Lipogenesis is an example of:

A. Catabolism

B. Anabolism

C. Hydrolysis

D. Oxidation

B

Lipolysis produces:

A. Glycogen

B. Amino acids

C. Fatty acids and glycerol

D. Acetyl-CoA

C

The suffix -lysis means:

A. Build

B. Store

C. Break apart

D. Convert

C

Which organs commonly use fatty acids for fuel?

A. Brain only

B. Liver, heart, and resting skeletal muscle

C. Skin

D. Pancreas

B

Beta oxidation converts:

A. Glucose → Glycogen

B. Fatty acids → Acetyl-CoA

C. Pyruvate → Glucose

D. Glycogen → Glucose

B

The product of beta oxidation enters the:

A. Glycolysis pathway

B. Krebs cycle

C. Pentose phosphate pathway

D. Protein synthesis pathway

B

Which statement is TRUE?

A. Lipolysis builds fat.

B. Lipogenesis stores fat.

C. Beta oxidation stores triglycerides.

D. Lipogenesis breaks down fat.

B

Lipids are important components of:

A. Cell membranes

B. Myelin

C. Steroid hormones

D. All of the above

D

Cholesterol is used to produce:

A. Glycogen

B. Steroid hormones

C. ATP

D. Glycolysis enzymes

B

Which is considered "bad cholesterol"?

A. HDL

B. LDL

C. VLDL

D. Chylomicrons

B

Proteins are absorbed as:

A. Polypeptides

B. Amino acids

C. Peptides

D. Triglycerides

B

Proteins are NOT stored because:

A. They are immediately excreted

B. They are always converted into glucose

C. The body continually synthesizes them from dietary amino acids

D. They cannot be digested

C

Excess amino acids are primarily:

A. Stored as protein

B. Converted to fat or used for energy

C. Excreted unchanged

D. Converted to glycogen only

B

Hemoglobin is made primarily from:

A. Fatty acids

B. Amino acids

C. Glucose

D. Cholesterol

B

Which protein is responsible for muscle contraction?

A. Collagen

B. Albumin

C. Actin and Myosin

D. Keratin

C

Which sequence is correct?

A. Glucose → Glycogenesis → Glycogen

B. Glycogen → Glycolysis → Glucose

C. Glycogen → Gluconeogenesis → Glucose

D. Glucose → Lipolysis → Fat

A

A fasting patient needs to raise blood glucose. Which pathway increases first?

A. Glycogenesis

B. Lipogenesis

C. Glycogenolysis

D. Protein synthesis

C

After a very large meal, excess glucose is MOST likely to undergo:

A. Glycogenolysis

B. Glycogenesis

C. Lipolysis

D. Beta oxidation

B

A patient has exhausted glycogen stores after prolonged fasting. Which pathway now maintains blood glucose?

A. Glycolysis

B. Glycogenesis

C. Gluconeogenesis

D. Lipogenesis

C

Which process is anabolic?

A. Lipogenesis

B. Glycogenolysis

C. Lipolysis

D. Glycolysis

A

Which process is catabolic?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Lipogenesis

C. Lipolysis

D. Glycogenesis

C

A patient has low blood glucose after several hours without eating. Which pathway helps restore blood glucose first?

A. Glycogenesis

B. Glycogenolysis

C. Lipogenesis

D. Protein synthesis

B

An endurance athlete has depleted glycogen stores during a marathon. Which pathway becomes increasingly important for maintaining blood glucose?

A. Glycolysis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Lipogenesis

B

A patient consumes a diet very high in carbohydrates for several months. Excess glucose is eventually converted into:

A. Amino acids

B. Fat (triglycerides)

C. ATP only

D. DNA

B

Which pathway converts fatty acids into a molecule that enters the Krebs cycle?

A. Lipolysis

B. Glycogenesis

C. Beta oxidation

D. Glycolysis

C

The product of beta oxidation is:

A. Pyruvate

B. Glucose

C. Acetyl-CoA

D. Lactate

C

Which process builds triglycerides?

A. Lipogenesis

B. Lipolysis

C. Glycolysis

D. Glycogenolysis

A

Which process breaks triglycerides apart?

A. Glycogenesis

B. Lipolysis

C. Beta oxidation

D. Protein synthesis

B

Which pathway directly prevents hypoglycemia during prolonged fasting?

A. Lipogenesis

B. Glycolysis

C. Gluconeogenesis

D. Protein synthesis

C

Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?

A. Protein

B. Carbohydrates

C. Fat

D. Vitamins

C

Which pairing is CORRECT?

A. Glycogenesis — builds glycogen

B. Glycogenolysis — builds glycogen

C. Lipolysis — builds fat

D. Beta oxidation — builds triglycerides

A

Which process converts stored fat into usable components?

A. Lipogenesis

B. Lipolysis

C. Glycolysis

D. Glycogenesis

B

Which organ stores glycogen?

A. Liver

B. Skeletal muscle

C. Both A and B

D. Pancreas

C

Which suffix generally means build or form?

A. -lysis

B. -osis

C. -genesis

D. -trophy

C

Which suffix generally means break apart?

A. -genesis

B. -lysis

C. -physis

D. -stasis

B