Human Populations

triangleN

(B+I)-(D+E)

Birth rate (BR)

Number of live births per 1,000 ppl in a year

Death Rate (DR)

Number of deaths per 1000 ppl in one year

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Number of infant deaths (under 1 year)/Number of live births ×1000

doubling time

70/rate

rate of natural change for a country

BR-DR/10

current rate of growth for the world

.9%

five most populated countries

1) India

2) China

3) US

4) Indonesia

5) Pakistan

Replacement- level fertility (rlf)

number of children a couple must have to replace themselves

population momentum

Even if rlf is achieved, a pop will continue to grow b/c of population entering reproductive years

total fertility rate (tfr)

estimate # of children a women will have

Decreased Infant Mortality rate (IMR)

number of infants per 1000 live births that die before there first birthday

five most recent U.S. generations

Baby Bomber years (1946-1964)

Generation X (Baby Bust) (1965-1980)

Generation Y echo baby bombers AKA millennials (1981-1996)

generation z (1997-2012)

generation alpha (2013-2025) 

why does the U.S. have a growth rate higher than that of other developed countries?

relatively higher fertility rates and significant immigration.

factors that increase/decrease tfr of a women

education

wealth/ athfluence

children needed to work

urbanization (family planning)

females in the workforce

cost of raising children

High IMR

Age of marriage

Retirement Plan

Abortion Availability

Religion

Life exspencity

why has life expectancy increase globally

Sanitation

education

nutrition

healthy water

age structure diagram

issues associated with an aging poulation

fewer young people are burdened w/ supporting a growing number of older people

pro viewpoints of reducing birth rates

• world already fails to meet everyone’s basic needs

• technology cannot keep up

• climate change

con viewpoints of reducing birth rates

• freedom of choice

• we need more people

4 steps in the demographic transition

Preindustrial: slow pop growth due to high DR and IMR

Transitional: Rapid pop growth due to high BR but lower DR due to better health care, food production

Industrial: Pop growth slows down w/ increasing quality of food production, health care, and education

Postindustrial: Pop growth levels off and eventually declines BR equal then fall below DR

Preindustrial

slow pop growth due to high DR and IMR

Transitional

Rapid pop growth due to high BR but lower DR due to better health care, food production

Industrial

Pop growth slows down w/ increasing quality of food production, health care, and education

Postindustrial

Pop growth levels off and eventually declines BR equal then fall below DR