Review of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and ADHD

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly focusing on ADHD, including definitions, presentations, epidemiology, and etiology.

Multisystemic Treatment (MST)

An intervention approach that addresses multiple systems in a child's life such as family, peers, school, and neighborhood.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders that typically manifest early in development and are characterized by developmental deficits leading to impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

A type of ADHD where symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention, careless mistakes, and forgetfulness.

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

A type of ADHD characterized by excessive fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, and talking excessively.

Symptoms of ADHD

Must include 6 or more symptoms for at least 6 months, be evident in more than one setting, and manifest before age 12.

Cumulative Risks from Childhood ADHD

Factors such as financial challenges and lower educational attainment that are linked to a history of ADHD into adulthood.

Epidemiology of ADHD

About 8-11% of children are diagnosed with ADHD, with symptoms often persisting into early adulthood.

Etiology of ADHD

Involves deficits in executive functioning, genetic influences, and environmental factors, including prenatal exposure to toxins.

Prenatal Smoking and ADHD

Research indicates that while prenatal smoking is associated with ADHD symptoms in related pairs, it is unlikely to be a direct cause.