TEAS 7 S3.2 Matter

Three states of matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas.

Solid

Constant shape and volume. Lowest temperature of any substance. For example, Ice.

Liquid

Constant volume, but not shape. 100ml of water in a graduated cylinder is the same in a beaker but adopts a different shape.

Gas

No constant volume or shape.

Intermolecular forces

Forces that keep the particles of a substance together. An increase of heat can break these bonds and a decrease in heat does not affect these bonds.

What factor impacts the amount of molecular movement within a substance.

Heat

Why does heat not equal temperature in regard to states of matter?

Temperature is a measure of an energy within molecules (hot or cold). Heat does not always affect the state of matter.

Intensive Property

Physical properties that are not reliant on the substance amount present. Includes length, volume and mass.

Extensive Property

Physical properties that are reliant on the substance amount present. Includes mass, volume, weight, etc.

0 Kelvin

\-237 degrees Celsius

Formula for density

Density = Mass/Volume

If you have an unidentified metal that is 100g and takes up 187 cm^3, what is the answer?

0\.534 g/cm^3

Specific Heat Capacity

The particular amount of thermal heat or energy that must be lost or gained to change the substance by one degree.

Triple point

A point that temperature and pressure reach that allows for all three states of matter to coexist.

Critical Point

A point that temperature and pressure reach that allow for the states of gas and liquid to coexist.

Water at sea level

Temperature will only continue to rise if another 6.0095 kilojoules of energy is applied. If not, the water will go to a solid state.

Liquid to gas

At 100C, sea level water will need 40.657 kilojoules of energy to initiate boiling.

Freezing

Transition of Liquid → solid. Water to ice.

Melting

Transition of solid → liquid/ Ice to water

Evaporation

A good way to draw the line between a liquid and gas state.

Condensation

Opposite of evaporation, gas→ to liquid.

Sublimination

Solid to gas skipping liquid.

Disposition

Gas to solid skipping liquid.

Physical state graph

graphs points at which a substance changes or enters all phases of matter on an axis of temperature and pressure.

Pressure

The act of compressing the particle of substance together, ignoring their space and can cause the condensation of gas or an increase in temperature if temperature is given like in an autoclave.