CAMBRIDGE IELTS 20 - TEST 1 - PASSAGE 2

reintroduce

bring back, restore, reinstate #eradicate

elm

type of large tree that loses its broad leaves in winter, or the wood from this tree

account for

make up, represent, constitute

in the aftermath of

after something bad has happened, as a result of #prior to

dominant

more important, strong, or noticeable than anything else of the same type

countryside

rural area #city

start from a very low base

begin from a very small amount/level, start from scratch

impact

effect, influence, repercussion

significant

important, essential, meaningful #insignificant

fungus

mushroom, mold

block

stop, obstruct, impede

vascular

of or containing the tubes that carry liquids around the bodies of animals and plants

wilt

(of a plant or flower) to bend towards the ground because of the heat or a lack of water #thrive

epidemic

a large number of cases of a particular disease or medical condition happening at the same time in a particular community

trigger

activate, cause, start #stop, halt

to be destined for

bound for, headed for, designated for #unscheduled

intact

whole, undamaged, untouched #damaged

beetle

an insect characterized by hard, protective front wings called elytra

virulent

extremely dangerous, harmful and quick to have an effect #benign, mild

hedgerow

a dense line of bushes and small trees planted very close together along the edge of a field

target

aim at, direct toward, focus on #ignore

reach

attain, approach, pass #recede

diameter

the distance from one side to the opposite side of a circle, measured by a line passing through the center of the circle

trunk

the thick central woody stem of a tree

take hold

begin to have a strong effect

mature

fully grown, adult, fully developed #immature

identify

pinpoint, determine, detect #overlook

specimen

a single example of something, especially an animal or a plant

county

an area of a state or country that has its own government to deal with local matters

mysteriously

strangely, puzzlingly, enigmatically #clearly, obviously

survive

live on, endure, persist #perished

succumb

yield, give in, surrender #resist

limited

restricted, confined, finite #unlimited

tolerance

endurance, resistance, acceptance #intolerance

resistance

the ability to fight against something harmful

down to luck

dependent on chance or fortune, due to luck

run a close second to

be nearly as important as, was just behind

prominent

noticeable, obvious, important #obscure

component

element, part, constituent

birch

a tree with smooth bark (=outer covering) and thin branches, or the wood from this tree

Bronze Age

the historical period characterized by the use of bronze tools and weapons

shield

a protective device used to block attacks

sword

a weapon with a long pointed blade and a handle used for cutting or thrusting

crate

a large box or a container made of wood, plastic, or metal and used for storage or shipping

keel

the long piece of wood or metal along the bottom of a boat that keeps it steady in the water

ingrained

fixed, rooted, engrained

unsurprising

predictable, expected, foreseeable #shocking

advocate

a person who publicly support or recommend a particular cause or policy #opponent

unfold

develop, emerge, evolve

contribute to

to help to make something happen

determined

resolute, steadfast, unwavering #indecisive

precarious

risky, insecure, perilous #secure

march in

enter forcefully, come in aggressively, invade

right on our doorstep

very close, nearby, imminent

prospect

chance, possibility, likelihood #impossibility

rely on

depend on, count on, turn to #disbelieve

resistant

invulnerable, hardy, impervious #vulnerable

tolerant

resistant, able to withstand, enduring #susceptible

hybrid

combined, mixed, crossbred #purebred

strain

variety, type, variant

seedling

a young plant grown from seed and not yet mature

breed

raise, grow, nurture

withstand

endure, survive, bear #succumb

slit

a long straight narrow cut or hole

inject

put in, shoot in, insert #remove, extract

pathogen

disease-causing organism

susceptible

vulnerable, prone, inclined, predisposed #resistant

acceptance

approval, embrace, welcome #rejection

acknowledge

admit, accept, confirm #deny, reject

element

component, part, aspect #whole

bother

concern, worry, perturb #indifferent

host

provide for, support, sustain #exclude

wary

cautious, guarded, vigilant #reckless

on the face of

at first glance, seemingly, apparently

replace

putting in place of, substitute, displace #retain

horticultural

relating to the science or art of growing plants

analogue

something that is similar to or can be used instead of something else

clone

copy, replicate, duplicate #diversifying

emphasis

highlight, stress, underscore #denies

recover

restore, bounce back, rebound #deteriorate