stuff to go over gscxe

Which two non-metals are often included in the reactivity series as reference points?

Carbon and Hydrogen. They are used to compare metal extraction methods and predict reactions with acids.

hy are metals like potassium and sodium stored under oil?

They are highly reactive alkali metals that react violently with oxygen and water vapor in the air.

What scientific property determines a metal's position in the reactivity series?

Its tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations). The more easily it loses electrons, the higher it sits.

How does the method of extracting a metal from its ore change if the metal is located above carbon in the series?

It must be extracted using electrolysis (which requires electricity) because carbon is not reactive enough to reduce it.

Why does aluminium appear to be unreactive with water or acids despite being high up in the series?

It quickly forms a tough, protective aluminium oxide layer on its surface that prevents further reaction.

What is the general rule for a displacement reaction between two metals?

A more reactive metal will always displace (push out) a less reactive metal from its compound.

What visible changes would you see if you placed zinc metal into a blue copper sulfate solution?

The blue solution fades to colourless (as zinc sulfate forms) and a brown-red solid (copper metal) deposits on the zinc.

Predict the outcome and explain:
Copper (s) +Magnesium Sulfate (aq) → ?

• No reaction. Copper is lower than magnesium in the reactivity series, so it is not strong enough to displace it.

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How does the reactivity trend of Group 7 halogens differ from the metal reactivity series when moving down the group?

Halogens get less reactive as you go down the group (e.g., Chlorine can displace Bromine, but Iodine cannot).

metal nitride + water →

metal hydroxide + ammonia gas

saturated

contains only single carbon-carbon

unsaturated

An unsaturated compound is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond

polymerisation

small, simple molecules called monomers react together to form lung chain like molecules – polymers

feature that monomer have to enable formation of polymers

At at least two reactive sites – enable them to link