Progressivism Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for Progressivism review.

Progressivism

Movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corruption; Fought to end corruption and injustice, support for or advocacy of social reform

Jane Addams

Became leading figure in the settlement house movement, opened Hull House in 1889 in Chicago, inspired other women to become social workers

Carrie Chapman Catt

Studied law, one of the first U.S. female school superintendents, urged women to join National American Woman Suffrage Association, became president of NAWSA in 1900, made “society plan”

Ida Tarbell

American “muckraker”, wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company,” which exposed the illegal practices of John D. Rockefellers company

Alice Paul

By 1913 was organizing women to recruit to help win vote to get women to vote, formed National Women’s Party (NWP) in 1917

Margaret Sanger

In 1916 opened 1st birth control clinic, in 1921 founded American Birth Control League

Settlement Houses

A community center that provided social services to the urban poor

Social Gospel

Idea created by Walter Rauschenbusch, a concept that by following the Bible’s teachings about charity and justice people could make society the “Kingdom of God”

Lincoln Steffens

U.S. journalist who started muckraking journalism in 1906, criticized the trend of urbanization with articles called “Shame of the Cities”

Upton Sinclair

A muckraker who wrote “The Jungle” in 1906, a book about the horrors of the meatpacking industry (lead to reforms such as the Food and Drug Safety act and the Meat Inspection Act)

Jacob Riis

A Danish immigrant who became a reporter and pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses in big cities where immigrants lived, took photos known as “How the other half lives” in 1890

Recall

Gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended

Initiative

Gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens' signatures on a petition

Referendum

Allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature

Direct Primary

An election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections (still used today)

Muckraker

Journalists who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s

Temperance Movement

Led by WCTU, promoted the end of drinking alcohol because it was believed alcohol was bad cause it led to men spending money on alcohol and abusing their wives/family

Federal Reserve Act

1913, placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board which set up regional banks to hold reserve funds from commercial banks, helps protect the economy from having too much money in the hands of one person, bank, or region

Meat Inspection Act

Provided federal agents to inspect any meat sold across state lines and meat-packing/processing plants

16th Amendment

allowed the federal government to collect income taxes, meaning taxes based on how much money people and businesses earn

18th Amendment

banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol in the country

19th Amendment

guaranteed women the right to vote

20th Amendment

addresses when the terms of office for the President, Vice President, and members of Congress begin and end (moved the start dates for presidential and congressional terms from March 4 to January 20 and January 3, respectively, reducing the period between elections and inauguration)

Theodore Roosevelt

progressive president known as the “trustbuster”, identifying companies as good trusts and bad trusts, made many improvements in the country through progressivism

Gifford Pinchot

Led the division of Forestry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, recommended forests be preserved for public use

Woodrow Wilson

Democrat elected President in 1912 as a result of a split in the Republican Party

John Muir

advocated for the preservation of the natural world and inspired the creation of national parks. His writings and advocacy, along with the influence of figures like Theodore Roosevelt, led to significant conservation efforts during this period

William Howard Taft

succeeded Roosevelt as President, progressive, followed many of Roosevelt’s trust-busting policies but also made his own

National Reclamation Act

Gave the federal government power to decide where and how water would be distributed

Square Deal

Made by Roosevelt, kept wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners as well as the poor

New Freedom

Made by Wilson, similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism, would place strict government controls on corporations, would provide more opportunities and freedom for small businesses

New Nationalism

A program to restore the government’s trust-busting power, made by Roosevelt

Sherman AntiTrust Act

a U.S. law designed to prevent businesses from unfairly limiting competition in the market. It outlaws monopolization, conspiracies to restrain trade, and other anti-competitive practices that could harm consumers and the economy

Pure Food and Drug Act

Placed same controls as the Meat Inspection Act, except on drugs and other foods. Banned interstate shipment of impure food and mislabeled food/drugs

Underwood Tariff Act

1913, Cut tariffs, included a provision to create a graduated income tax