Com: Chapter 17 : Persuasive Speaking

Coercion

the act of using manipulation, threats, intimidation, or violence to gain compliance

Persuasion

the process of influencing other’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors on a given topic.

Persuasive Speaking

speech that is intended to influence the attitudes, beliefs, and behavior of your audience.

• change the opinions of outlooks

• influence a change in behavior or attitude towards a specific end on a given topic

3 Influences of Persuasive Speaking

1. Beliefs

2. Attitudes

3. Behavior

Beliefs

• our perceptions/ realities

• convictions- determined orientation towards the world

Attitudes

• feelings affect something from that perspective

• important or unimportant / good or bad

Behaviors

action, doing, or being

function

Proposition of Fact

a claim of what is or what is not

• how you view the world

Proposition of Value

convincing the audience that something meets or does not meet a specific standard of goodness or quality of right or wrong

• good or bad

• worthiness

• judgement-based

Proposition of Policy

the speaker makes claims about what goal, policy, or course of action should be pursues.

Social Judgement Theory

you ability to successfully persuade your audience depends on the audience’s current attitudes or disposition toward your topic, as well as how strongly they feel about their current position.

Aristotle's 3 Rhetorical Appeals

1. Ethos

2. Pathos

3. Logos

Ethos

a form of rhetorical appeal to ethics and concerns the qualifications and personality of the speaker,

• character

• creditability

Logos

appeal to logic and is directed at the audience’s reasoning of a topic.

• information is persuasive

• Includes: Reasoning, Deductive Reasoning, and Inductive Reasoning

Pathos

appeals to the audience’s emotions

• passions, feelings, emotion, and energy

Logical Fallacies

invalid or deceptive forms of reasoning.

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

1. Attention

2. Need

3. Satisfaction

4. Visualization

5. Call to Action

INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

a form of public speaking intended to increase the audience’s understanding or knowledge

Objective

1. expressing or presenting facts and information in a straightforward and evenhanded way, free of influence from the speaker’s personal thoughts or opinions

   1. Present facts and information in a straightforward and even-handed way

   2. Free of influence 

   3. Free of subjectivity, personal thoughts, and opinions, to convince the audience of a point of view. 

   4. Informing NOT Persuading

   5. Ask yourself, could someone disagree with me about this issue/topic/idea.

   6. If so, reframe the issue or acknowledge discrepancies

Subjective

1. presenting facts and information from a particular point of view

TOPICS

• people

• places

• objects and phenomena

• events

• processes

• concepts

• issues

People

1. sharing information on the life of another person.

   1. Example: Celebrities

Places

1. focusing on an inspired description of real and unfamiliar places.

OBJECTS AND PHENOMENA

1. captivates the audience’s imagination.

   1. Thinking about things that they’ve never thought about before

EVENTS/PROCESSES/CONCEPTS/ISSUES

1. Brings awareness

Descriptive Presentations

1. an approach to conveying information that involves painting a mental picture for the audience.

   1. Emphasizes the important details

   2. Gives the audience a clear and vivid picture

   3. Most effective with a personal connection to a topic

DEMONSTRATION SPEECHES:

1. a speech that answers “how” questions by showing an audience the way something works.

   1. Explanatory narration and physical demo

      1. Begins with a clear purpose and follows an organizational pattern

DEFINITIONAL SPEECH:

1. a presentation whose main goal is to provide answers to “what” questions by explaining to an audience what something is

DEFINITION BY ETYMOLOGY:

1. defining something by using the origin of a word or phrase.

DEFINITION BY EXAMPLE:

1.  defining something by offering concrete examples of what it is.

DEFINITION BY NEGATION:

1. defining something by telling what it is not.

DEFINITION BY SYNONYM:

1. defining something using words that mean almost the same thing.

EXPLANATORY SPEECH:

1. a speech that answers the question “why” or “what does that mean” by offering thorough explanations of meaning.

   1. Gives the audience an understanding of the why or meaning of something

   2. Provides reasons for causes, using interpretation, and analysis.