Mental Disorders

Somatogenic Hypothesis

Mental disorders have physiological causes.

Psychogenic Hypothesis

Symptoms are caused by psychological processes.

Biopsychosocial Model

A holistic perspective that takes into account psychological processes.

Diathesis

The predisposition toward a disorder in the Diathesis-Stress Model.

Stress

The trigger that sparks the disorder in the Diathesis-Stress Model.

Mental Disorder

Dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that interfere with daily life.

DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by unexpected panic attacks.

Agoraphobia

Fear of being in situations in which help might not be available.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Intensely afraid of being watched and judged by others.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Continuous and pervasive feelings of anxiety.

Phobias

Experiences of excessive distressing and persistent fear about a specific object or situation.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Involves unwanted repetitive thoughts.

Trauma and Stress-Related Disorder

Disorder where the stress causing it is often obvious.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder experienced by 6% of adults in the US.

Major Depressive Disorder

An individual experiences at least five signs of depression.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by dark lows of depression and bouts of mania.

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Includes disorganized thinking, emotions, and behaviors incongruent with their situation.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A rare disorder where a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

Anorexia Nervosa

Starts during puberty, involves a starving diet leading to abnormally low body weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

Involves binge eating followed by fasting or purging; body image disturbance occurs at any weight.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Binge eating followed by emotional distress, without purging or fasting.

Psychotherapy

Treatment that includes talking with a mental health provider.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Focuses on present issues rather than the past.

Mindfulness

Cultivates a non-judgemental yet attentive mental state, focusing on awareness.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to favor information that confirms our beliefs.

Illusory Correlation

The tendency to perceive causal relationships when there are none.

Bias Blind Spot

The inclination to perceive biases in others but not in ourselves.