General Psychology

Insulin

________- hormone that facilitates the movement of glucose from blood into the cells of the body.

Teratogen

________- environmental substance that has the potential to harm the developing organism.

Glycogen

________- starchy molecule that is produced from excess glucose in the body.

Hallucinogenic

________- drug that simultaneously excites and inhibits normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perception.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

________ (SCN)- group of cells signaling other areas when to be aroused and when to shut down.

Stimulant

________- drug that speeds up normal brain functioning.

Assimilation

________- process by which an existing schema is used to understand something new in the environment.

Accommodation

________- process by which schema change in order to understand something new in the environment.

Enuresis

________- condition in which a person over 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep.

Estrus

________- period of "heat "in which females are receptive to males 'attempts to mate.

THC

________- active ingredient in marijuana that affects learning, short- term memory, coordination, emotion, and appetite.

Incubation

________- period of not thinking about a problem that helps to solve the problem.

Nightmare

________- brief scary REM dream that is often remembered.

Representativeness

________- reliance on the degree of categorization to judge whether or not it belongs.

Inductive

________ reasoning- reasoning from the specific to the general.

Instinct

________- innate impulse from within a person that directs or motivates behavior.

Morpheme

________- smallest unit of sound in a language that have meaning.

Cognition

________- way in which we use and store information in memory.

Mediators

________ tend to have large ones, People with small ones more susceptible to PTSD.

MRI

________- uses magnetic energy (uses blood flow)

Libido

________- one's physical desire, or drive, to have sex.

neural impulse consisting

The release of the ________ of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon when the threshold of excitation is reached.

Mere exposure

________ effect- idea that increased familiarity with something leads to increased liking for it.

Centration

________- act of focusing on only one aspect or feature of an object.

Response

________ set theory of hypnosis- hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set responding to suggestions.

Manifest content

________- according to Freud, what the dreamer recalls on awakening.

Insomnia

________- sleep disorder in which a person can not get to sleep and /or stay asleep.

Sensitive Period

________- time when genetic and environmental agents are most likely to cause birth defects.

Tiny neural networks

________ in the spinal cord block pain signals from a particular part of the body when they receive additional signals from intense tactile stimulation being applied to the same part of the body.

Egocentrism

________- belief that everyone thinks as you do.

Withdrawal

________ symptom- physical or behavioral effect that occurs after a person stops using a drug.

Temperament

________- person's general pattern of attention, arousal, and mood that is evident at birth.

Interactionism

________- perspective that our genes and environmental influences work together to determine our characteristics.

Kinesthesis

________- the sense of our body parts position and movement.

Deductive

________ reasoning- reasoning from the general to the specific.

Latent content

________- according to Freud, the symbolic meaning of a dream.

Overextension

________- when a child uses one word to symbolize all manner of similar instances.

Noise

________ can affect stress, learning.

Attachment

________- emotional bond between an infant and someone or something.

Exemplar

________- mental representation of an actual instance of a member of a category.

Genotype

________- inherited genetic pattern for a given trait.

Trichromatic theory

________- Three types of cones, Blue red green.

transitional period

Emerging adulthood- ________ when young people have left adolescence but have not yet assumed adult responsibilities.

Menarche

________- first menstruation of a female.

Neurons

________ fire only in response to certain stimuli; they detect specific features of what we see.

Conservation

________- understanding that an object retains its original properties even though it may look different.

Phoneme

________- smallest unit of sound in a language.

Ions

________- charged particles.

metabolic rate

Resting ________- degree to which we burn energy in our bodies when not active.

Imaginary audience

________- belief held by adolescents that everyone is watching what they do.

Chapter 1

The Science of Psychology

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

The Scientific Method

a systematic process used to test ideas about behavior

Theory

an explanation of why and how a behavior occurs

Pseudopsychology

ideas without research support

-Observer effect

tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed

Quasi

Experiment

Ethics committees

IRB

Chapter 2

Neuroscience

Ions

charged particles

Inside neuron

negatively charged

The ForeBrain

The limbic system

CAT scan

x rays

MRI

uses magnetic energy (uses blood flow)

PET

Measures readoactive blood

EEG

Measures Electrical waves using electrodes

Chapter 3

Sensation and Perception

Wavelength (Hue)

color

Saturation

Purity of perceived color

Trichromatic theory

Three types of cones, Blue red green

Protanopia

lack of functioning red cones

Deuteranopia

lack of functioning green cones

Tritanopia

lack of functioning blue cones

Volley Theory

proposes that pitch is decoded by firing frequency of hair cells on the basilar membrane

EX

rubbing a stubbed toe to diminish the pain

Kinesthesis

the sense of our body parts position and movement

Vestibular Sense

monitors the heads position and movement

Manifest content

according to Freud, what the dreamer recalls on awakening

Latent content

according to Freud, the symbolic meaning of a dream

Response set theory of hypnosis

hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set responding to suggestions

Activation synthesis theory

 suggests that dreams are the by-product of the brain's random firing of neural impulses

Sleep disorder

disturbance in the normal pattern of sleeping

Insomnia

sleep disorder in which a person cannot get to sleep and/or stay asleep

Night terror

Very frightening non-REM sleep episode

Nightmare

brief scary REM dream that is often remembered

Enuresis

condition in which a person over 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep

Hypnosis

state of heightened suggestibility

Psychoactive drug

substance that influences the brain and thereby the individual's behavior

Tolerance

condition in which more of a drug is needed to achieve the same effect

Substance abuse disorder

condition in which a person cannot control his or her drug use

Withdrawal symptom

physical or behavioral effect that occurs after a person stops using a drug

Depressant

drug that inhibits or slows down normal neural functioning

Opiate

Pain Killing drug that depresses some brian areas and excites others

Stimulant

drug that speeds up normal brain functioning

Hallucinogenic

drug that simultaneously excites and inhibits normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perception

THC

active ingredient in marijuana that affects learning, short-term memory, coordination, emotion, and appetite

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

group of cells signaling other areas when to be aroused and when to shut down

Motive

tendency to desire and seek out positive incentives or rewards and to avoid negative outcomes

Instinct

innate impulse from within a person that directs or motivates behavior

Drive reduction theory

theory of motivation that proposes that people seek to reduce internal levels of drive