Health and Movement Lecture Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering health definitions, epidemiology, social justice, body systems, and models of health based on professional lecture notes.

Health (WHO 1948 Definition)

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Dynamic Nature of Health

The concept that health is constantly changing, explained by interactions between dimensions, individual circumstances, and changes over time.

Physical Health

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and the capacity to perform everyday activities.

Social Health

Refers to interactions with others, the display of communication skills, and the ability to form and maintain positive relationships.

Mental Health

A state of wellbeing that enables an individual to cope with stress and realize their own abilities.

Spiritual Health

Refers to feeling a sense of purpose and meaning in life, being connected with others, religion, or culture.

Epidemiology

The study of how often diseases occur in different groups or populations and why, used to identify patterns of health and disease.

Prevalence

The total number of cases of disease occurring in a population at a given time.

Incidence

The number of new cases of disease occurring in a population.

Mortality

The number of deaths in a group of people over a specific time period, usually one year.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infant deaths in the first year of life per $1000$ live births.

Neonatal Mortality

Deaths occurring in the first $28$ days of life.

Morbidity

Refers to the ill health of an individual in a population or group, including illness, disease, and injury.

Equity

The social justice principle of taking action to achieve fairness by allocating resources and power fairly across a population.

Determinants of Health

The range of factors, identified by the AIHW, that determine the health status of individuals and populations, including societal, socioeconomic, behavioral, and biomedical factors.

Sedentary

A state of being physically inactive.

Self-concept

How an individual evaluates their own characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses.

Self-esteem

How an individual judges and feels about their own value and worth.

Anorexia Nervosa

An emotional disorder characterized by severe weight loss and self-induced starvation.

Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive use of laxatives.

Body Mass Index (BMI) Formula

$$\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{\text{Height (m)}^2}$$

Physical Activity

Any movement of the body that uses energy.

Exercise

Physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive.

Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)

Calculated as $220 - \text{age}$, used to determine exercise intensity.

Advocacy

The process of supporting a cause or position, or acting on behalf of oneself or others to ensure best interests are considered.

Biomedical Model of Health

A medical model focusing on the physical or biological aspects of disease, diagnosis, treatment, and curing.

Salutogenic Model of Health

An approach focusing on factors that promote and maintain physical and mental wellbeing rather than focusing on disease and injury.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of $17$ global goals established by the United Nations to be achieved by $2030$, focusing on ending poverty and improving health.

Synovial Joint

A freely movable joint that allows maximum movement, such as the hip or shoulder joint.

Ligaments

Well-defined, fibroid bands that connect bone to bone and maintain joint stability.

Tendons

Tough, inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Isometric Contraction

A muscular contraction where the muscle fibres are activated and develop force but the muscle length does not change.

Agonist

Also known as the prime mover, it is the muscle causing the major action in a movement.

Antagonist

A muscle that must relax and lengthen to allow the agonist to contract and control an action.

Pulmonary Loop

The flow of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart as oxygenated blood.

Systemic Loop

The flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body tissues and back to the heart as deoxygenated blood.

Gaseous Exchange

The process occurring in the alveoli and capillaries where oxygen is taken into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.

Endocrine System

A series of glands that secrete hormones to regulate physiological processes and maintain homeostasis.