midterm- dk 4 joints/movement

What 6 joint types are listed

Ball & socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, plane, condyloid

What 3 features does the review associate with a synovial joint?

Cartilage, fluid, capsule

What structures does the review specifically associate with the knee joint?

Meniscus + ligaments

What major characteristic does the review associate with the shoulder joint?

high mobility

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Shoulder joint

What is adduction?

Movement toward the midline

What is abduction?

Movement away from the midline

What is flexion?

Decreasing the angle of a joint

What is supination?

palm up

A patient cannot abduct their arm above shoulder level. Which joint does the review indicate is affected?

Glenohumeral joint

In which direction does the arm move during abduction?

Away from the body's midline

What is the function of vertebral discs?

act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and allow flexibility/movement of the spine.

Where is the foramen magnum?

At the base of the skull, in the occipital bone. It is the large opening through which the spinal cord connects with the brain.

What is a meniscus?

A crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pad found in the knee

What are the main functions of the menisci?

Absorb shock/pressure, stabilize the joint, and improve the fit between bones

What does a tendon connect?

muscle to bone

What does a ligament connect?

bone to bone

What determines whether a lever is 1st, 2nd, or 3rd class?

Which component is in the middle: fulcrum, resistance, or effort

What is in the middle of a FIRST-class lever?

fulcrum (joint)

First class:

E — F — R

What is a body example of a first-class lever?

atlanto-occipital joint/head movement

What is in the middle of a SECOND-class lever?

resistance

Second class:

F — R — E

What is in the middle of a THIRD-class lever?

Effort

third class:

F — E — R

What is a body example of a third-class lever?

Forearm during elbow flexion