Business Information Systems Final Exam

the planning phase

The systems designer must define the problem the organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem

requirements-gathering and analysis phase

analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it. The team attempts to understand the requirements for the system, analyzes these requirements, and looks for ways to solve problems.

the planning phase

The systems designer must define the problem the organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem

requirements-gathering and analysis phase

analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it. The team attempts to understand the requirements for the system, analyzes these requirements, and looks for ways to solve problems.

the design phase

analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization. Details of the proposed solution are outlined, and the output of this phase is a document with exact specifications for implementing the system, including files and databases, forms and reports, documentation, procedures, hardware and software, networking components, and general system specifications

implementation phase

the solution is transferred from paper to action, and the team configures the system and procures components for it.

the maintenance phase

the information system is operating, enhancements and modifications to the system have been developed and tested, and hardware and software components have been added or replaced.

planning, research-gathering and analysis, design, implementation, maintenance

what are the 5 phases of the SDLC

feasibility

the measure of how beneficial or practical an information system will be to an organization.

economic feasibility

what type of feasibility assesses a system’s costs and benefits

technical feasibility

what type of feasibility is concerned with the technology to be used in the system.

operational feasibility

what type of feasibility is the measure of how well the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.

scheduling feasibility

what type of feasibility is concerned with whether the new system can be completed on time.

legal feasibility

what type of feasibility is concerned with legal issues, including political repercussions and meeting the requirements of the Information Privacy Act.

gantt and pert

what are two project management tools

agile methodology

focuses on incremental development process

emphasis on limiting the projects scope

sets a minimum number of requirements and turns them into a working product

database

collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations

internal data

collected from within an organization

stored in the organizations internal databases and can be used by functional information systems

ex. employee information

external data

comes from a variety of sources

stored in data warehouse

ex. competitors

data warehouse

a logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases - that supports business analysis activiies and decision-making tasks

data mart

contains a subset of data warehouse information

ETL

A process that

1. extracts information from internal and external databases

2. transforms information with common set of enterprise definitions

3. loads the information into a data warehouse

business analytics

uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data and provides decision makers with information to act on

descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive

what are the three methods of business analytics

big data

voluminous data, conventional computing methods are unable to efficiently process and manage it

volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value

what are the 5 Vs of the dimensions of big data

e business

all activities a company performs for selling and buying services using computers and communication technology

broader: includes the exchange of information

e commerce

buying and selling goods and services over the Internet

value chain

series of activities designed to meet business needs by adding value or cost in each phase of the process

Target

Business to consumer - B2C

Example

Jeep buying parts from their manufacturer

Business to business (B2B)

Etsy

Consumer to consumer (C2C)

electronic data interchange (EDI)

computer to computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between business partners

Electronic funds transfer (EFT)

a payer sending money and a payee receiving money through an online payment system

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

process of working with suppliers and other partners in the supply chain to improve procedures for delivering products and services

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

processes a company uses to track and organize its contacts with customers

Knowledge Management (KM)

technique used to improve knowledge management across the entire organization

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

integrated system that collects and processes data and manages and coordinates resources, information and functions throughout an organization

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

interactive information system consisting of hardware, software, data and models designed to assist decision makers in an organization

Executive Information Systems (EIS)

interactive information system giving executives easy access to internal and external data and typically include drilldown features and digital dashboarding for examining and analyzing information

Digital dashboard

integrates information from multiple sources and presents it in a unified, understandable format

group support systems (GSS)

assist decision-makers working in groups

• help overcome limitation of group interactions

• reduce communication barriers

• introduce order and efficiency into situations

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

capture, store, process, and display geographic information or information in a geographic context

Groupware

assist groups in communicating, collaborating, and coordinating activities (google apps)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling and reasoning.

Apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities .

Robots

The most successful application of AI

•Excel at performing simple, repetitive tasks

•Used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs

•Have limited mobility and some have limited vision

•Controlled by a computer program that includes commands

Expert System

Mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area

Intelligent Agents

Software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes

Fuzzy logic

allows a smooth, gradual transition between humans and computer vocabularies

Machine Learning

Process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

AI technology that allows a machine to recognize and decipher the nuances of human language

Application Service Providers (ASPs)

provide access to software or services for a fee

Software as a Service (SaaS)

On demand software

Virtual Reality (VR)

uses computer generated, three dimensional images to create the illusion of interaction in a real world environment

Augmented Reality

branch of virtual reality that generates a virtual scene that is overlaid on the real object

radio frequency identification (RFID)

small electronic device consisting of a small chip and an antenna provides a unique identification for the card or the object carrying the tag

Quick response codes (QR)

matrix barcode consisting of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background

Blockchain

a decentralized and distributed network used to record transactions across connected devices as blocks of data that cannot be altered after being recorded

BitCoin

a cryptocurrency

digital money created from computer codes

WiFI

broadband wireless technology for short distances

mobility and flexibility

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

broadband wireless technology covers 3-30 miles

fast and easy to install

bluetooth

•Wireless technology for transferring data over short distances for fixed and mobile devices

•Used to create a personal area network (PAN)

Grid computing

•Combining the processing powers of various computers

•Use other computers’ resources to solve problems involving large-scale, complex calculations

Utility computing

•Provision of IT services on demand

•Users pay for computing or storage resources on an as-needed basis

Cloud computing

•Incorporates many recent technologies under one platform

•Includes components in the form of:

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

3. Software as a service (SaaS)

Edge computing

•Pushes processing and data to the near edge of the network that enables timely collection, processing, and analysis

•Provides on-device processing and analytics in real time

Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE)

a virtual environment consisting of a cube-shaped room in which the walls are rear-projection screens.

Nanotechnology

incorporates techniques that involve the structure and composition of materials on a nanoscale.

common in healthcare

solve complex problems like a mechanical design

list examples of what you would use grid computing for

for business applications

list examples of what you would use cloud computing for

accessing a file or webpage

list examples of what you would use utility computing for

offshore outsourcing

an organization chooses an outsourcing firm in another country that can provide needed services and products.

nearshore outsourcing

the practice of getting work done or services performed by people in neighboring countries rather than an organization's own country.