UCSP - EXAM 1

SOCIETY

is a community of people with common traditions, practices, institutions, and intuitions and with colletive understanding of activies and interst.

POLITICS

May refer to the complex relationships of people living in society. It may also refer to the concept of power and leadership: the more power and influential may get the upper hand in the society.

SCIENCE

Refers to the pursuit and application of knowledge and the evidenced-based understanding of both the natural and social world

SOCIOLOGY

Is the study of human relationships and behaviors in society

Albert J. Reiss (1968)

American sociologist, defined the field as “the study of social aggregates and group in their institutional organization, of institutions and their organization, and of the causes and consequences of changes in institutions and social organization.

Max Weber (1922)

Defined sociology is “ the science whose object is to interpret the meaning of social action and thereby give a casual explanation of the way in which the action proceeds and the effects which it produces.”

C Wright Mills

American sociologist, wrote his book Sociological Imagination, which is awareness to comprehend the links of one’s own personal understanding, challenges, or limitations (called troubles) which wider social challenges (called issues).

Auguste Compte

French sociologist, used term “sociology” widely, which was from the Latin word socius that mean “society” or “association” and Greek word “logos” means that “speak about” or “study”. Thus sociology’s simplest definition is “the study of society”.

Emile Durkheim

French sociologist, is consider the father of sociology, he formally established his book The Rules of Sociological Method (1859).

Structural functionalism theory

– state that society is a system of interconnected parts that work as one, so there would be harmony and balance in the whole.

Herbert Spencer

HE incorporated the theory of evolution into society. He explained that society evolved similarly to living organisms.

Talcot Parson

He created a theory of functionalism in sociology.

Robert Merton

Ideas related to social and cultural structures/functions, such as intended and unintended consequences (manifest and latent functions) and dysfunction.

Friedrich Engels

worked with Karl Marks to lay the groundwork for the practice of communism, where people live in social equilibrium, without class distinction, family structure, religion, or property.

Wright Mills

Among Mills's most important contributions to sociology were his ideas on public sociology and the responsibility of social scientists.

George Mead

Mead believed that our thoughts, self-concept, and the wider community we live in are created through communication—symbolic interaction.

Herbert Blumer

He emphasized that human beings create and assign meaning to symbols, and that these symbols guide their behavior and social interactions.

Cultural Anthropology

The study of how humans developed their cultural and society

Physical Anthropology

The study of how humans adapt to their environment, including biological evolution

Linguitic Anthropology

The study of how language evolves and how humans use language to communicate. 

Archeology

The study of artifact or material evidence that past human societies left behind

Politics

is there relationship of power dynamic and decisions making in a society

political science

deals with how the government, power, and authority work in society, including various political thoughts and ideas, political activities, and political behavior.

Popular politics,

also called populism, is a political stance of the “people” for certain belief. In recognizing populism, one must take into account who the “people” consider as good and who are considered as bad.

Biological factors

- can be traced back in the evolution of humans as a separate species, such that human genes have adapted to survive harsh environment

Environmental factors

- include being able to adapt to the climate, food shortages, changing quality life, and other factors that may enhance specific biological or physical traits that the human body may need.

Cultural factors

refer to the experiences and interactions people have and how people are

influenced by these same interaction

Nationality

refers to where you are born or your place of birth

 citizenship

is granted by government of a country when certain legal requirements are met.

Race

may be seen from a narrow perspective based on one’s physical attributes such as skin and eye color.

Ethnicity

has a wider perspective based on cultural expression and place of origin, such as tribal tradition, religious beliefs, and linguistic heritage.

United nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

- sex is determined at birth, and gender may change over time.

Socioeconomic class

refers to the idea that differentiates between rich and poor based on income, financial status, educational attainment, and social status, among others.

Low-income

is commonly associated with poverty or the state of lacking financial resources and living with the bare minimum.