Dermis, Hypodermis, and Pigmentation

Papillary layer

Characterized by these hill-like shapes

Reticular layer

What tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis made of?

Areolar CT

What types of cells are present in the papillary layer?

small blood vessels

phagocytes

lymphatic capillaries

nerve fibers

touch receptors

Which layer makes contact with the epidermal layer called the stratum basale?

the papillary layer

What tissue is the reticular layer primarily made of?

Dense Irregular CT

The reticular layer is made of what kind of fibers?

elastin and collagen

The hypodermis, or the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia, connects the dermis to what other body parts?

The underlying fascia of the bones and muscles

What tissue is the hypodermis primarily made of?

Adipose

How is fat stored in the hypodermis?

Fat is stored as cells called adipocytes, which serve as an energy reserve, insulation, and a cushion.

What three pigments influence skin color?

melanin

carotene

hemoglobin

Melanosome

intracellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

Melanocyte

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

what are the two forms of melanin pigment?

eumelanin

pheomelanin

Eumelanin

black/brown

Pheomelanin

red

How does sun exposure lead to darkening of the skin?

Exposure to the UV rays cause melanin to be manufactured and built up in keratinocytes.

This accumulation of melanin in keratinocytes leads to the skin to appear darker.

What are freckles and moles?

Irregular accumulation of melanocytes in the skin

Albinism

results when melanocytes are unable to produce melanin

Individuals appear very pale as a result and are more prone to sunburns and skin cancer

Vitiligo

Results from melanocytes in certain areas losing their ability to produce melanin, possible due to an autoimmune reaction