5 year plans and collectivisation

what were stalins economic aims

create modern economy, create economy that could compete with West, make USSR self-sufficient

reasons for industrialistion

failing of NEP, ideological, fear of invasion, political

failings of NEP

NEP had not developed economy very well, steal and coal was lower in 1926 than 13, created high rates of unemployment

ideological reason for indust

NEP made USSR look like capitalist, NEP made wealthy men which deepened inequality, high paying jobs were given to people who had worked for tsar

fear of invasion

had been invaded by west in civil war, needed heavy industry to build modern military

how did stalin use indust as political motive

used industrialisation to mkae him seen as a great leader, rapid indust helped divide opponents in his party

1st five year plan succes and failures

expand heavy industry, grew economy by 14%, iron output doubled, targets unrealistic, poor quality products, lack of skilled labour

2nd five year plan success and failures

expand heavy industry, improve transport, realistic targets, new transport systems ( moscow metro), living and working standards remaind poor

3rd five year plan success and failures

expand heavy industry and armaments production, by 1940 1/3 investment spent on defence, base of powerful arms, purges underminded impact, plan cut short by nazi invasion

who were the stakhanovites

made up ¼ of industrial workers, rewarded for being very good at work, ended up as being a negative thing, turned out to be fake

successes of industrialisation

heavy industry success, oil production doubled, huge expansion in transport links, modern armaments created, unempolyment vanished

failures of indust

quality of goods low, high levels of waste, gosplan targets too high, forced labour, housing shortage, working conditions terrible, continuous shortages of basic goods such as clothes

reasons for collectivistion

economic, ideological, grain crisis

economic reasons for collecti

more food for workers in cities to keep them productive, gov could sell more food abroad, mechanisation of farms means more people work in cities

ideological reasons collectiviastion

class divisions, peasants would work for nation not money, workers live and work together

what was the grain procurement crisis

peasants not producing enough food because paid too little, some farmers didnt sell food to push prices up

nature of collectivisation

removal of kuhlaks, kolkhozes, motor tractor station

removal of kuhlacks

kulaks were wealthier peasants, propaganda was used to show them as cruel and selfish, rounded up and sent to gulags, people were targeted for petty troubles

what were the kolkhozes

huge collective farms of 50-100 families, hours and job set by state, state supplied equipment and took food, paid badly

what where the motor tractor stations

stations set up to rent out farm machinery, 1940 there was one MT for every 40 CF, tractors badly made and maintained, too expensive

successes of collectivisation

by 1940 enough food that rationing ended, enough food to sell abroad, internal passports meant peasants could not leave

failures of collectiviastion

grain production fell by 7% in 1928-33, MT tractors too expensive, de-kulakisation killed skilled farmers, peasants put energy into personal farms, huge famine in ukraine