Mastication and Deglutition

TMJ

Allows controlled jaw movement.

Mucins

______ in saliva give it a slippery, viscous quality that helps bind food particles together into a cohesive bolus.

Lingual Lipase

Enzyme that begins fat digestion, which often helps soften food texture.

Parotid Gland

Gland that secretes salivary amylase for starch breakdown.

Submandibular Gland

Gland that provides lubrication (mucins) and enzymatic activity.

Sublingual Gland

Gland that produces thick mucous-rich saliva to coat the oral mucosa and aid bolus cohesion for smoother swallowing.

Masseter - Temporalis - Medial Pterygoid

Primary jaw closers (3).

Lateral Pterygoid - Suprahyoid Muscles

Jaw Openers (2).

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)

Networks of neurons capable of enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors.

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)

In the brainstem generate rhythmic chewing and swallowing patterns without conscious effort.

CN V (Trigeminal)

(CN) Mastication muscles, facial sensation.

CN VII (Facial)

(CN) Facial expression muscles, taste (anterior 2/3 tongue).

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

(CN) Taste and sensation (posterior 1/3 tongue), swallowing.

CN X (Vagus)

(CN) Palate, pharynx, larynx control.

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

(CN) Tongue movement.

Deglutition/Swallowing

A series of coordinated muscular contractions moving ingested food and pooled saliva from the oral cavity to the stomach, passing through esophagus.

Medulla Oblongata

Deglutition is a reflex response controlled by the vagus nerve with its centre located in the?

Oral (voluntary) - Pharyngeal (involuntary) - Esophageal (involuntary)

3 Stages of swallowing.

Oral Stage

(Deglutition Stage) Chewed food is softened by saliva and rolled into a bolus.

Hard Palate

(Oral Stage) Bolus is pressed against the ____ ______ as a result of contraction of the front part of the tongue.

Oral Stage

(Deglutition Stage) Swallowing commences by mouth closure and mylohyoid muscle contraction.

Pharyngeal Stage

(Deglutition Stage) Elevation of soft palate takes place, preventing food from entering the nasal cavity.

Larynx - Hyoid

(Pharyngeal Stage) ______ rises with elevation of _____ bone which leads to approximation of the vocal cords.

Cricopharyngeal

(Pharyngeal Stage) _______________ muscle relaxes and bolus enters the upper esophagus.

Pharyngeal Stage

(Deglutition Stage) Vocal cords eventually open to allow resumption of rhythmic breathing.

Esophageal Stage

(Deglutition Stage) Bolus moved down esophagus to reach the stomach.